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![Cropped cover of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior Unit Outline for Teachers.](/sites/default/files/styles/standard_hero_article_460_361_1x/public/2022-06/FHAO_Teaching_HHaB_large_clip_for_Web_or_Office_Use.jpg?h=754df2af&itok=o5RrOOFl)
Collection
Materials for Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior
Explore the collection of media referenced in our unit Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior, available both online and in print.
Subject
- History
- Social Studies
Grade
6–12Language
English — USPublished
In this lesson
Overview
About This Collection
This page is designed for educators using Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior. It contains all of the videos, teaching strategies, and other digital resources referenced throughout the guide.
This collection contains all of the digital resources used in Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior, which includes:
- 39 videos
- 101 readings
- 45 handouts
- 33 teaching strategies
- Additional recommended resources
Inside This Collection
Get Started
These are the resources we recommend to prepare to use Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior in your classroom.
Teaching Strategy
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Contracting
Develop a classroom contract to create a community of mutual respect and inclusion.
Teaching Strategy
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Journals in the Classroom
Create a practice of student journaling to help your students critically examine their surroundings and make informed judgments.
![Two students writing in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101676.jpg?h=c11c9c1d&itok=TlOy-GAQ)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Book
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
Lesson 1: Introduction to the Unit
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 1 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Letter to Students
Read aloud this letter with your class before you embark on the unit Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
![Photography for Facing History and Ourselves web site and publications.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_2017_FH256005.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=fQbWKce6)
Reading
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Letter to Parents and Guardians
Inform parents about what their students will be experiencing in the weeks to come during their study of Holocaust and Human Behavior.
![Picture of teacher in classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/2019_UK_Classroom_FH2177573.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=Zs3pE68x)
Handout
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Classroom Experience Checklist
Ask students to reflect on their experiences as students in a classroom community as preparation for creating a classroom contract.
![Classroom Experience Checklist Document Preview](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-12/Classroom_Experience_Checklist.png?h=d3d13267&itok=hQTyECAa)
Handout
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Sample Facing History Classroom Expectations
Help students get started creating their own classroom contract by responding to these sample expectations.
![Sample Classroom Expectations Document Preview](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-12/SampleFacingHistoryClassroomExpectations.png?h=d3d13267&itok=P4MI3kZf)
Teaching Strategy
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Read Aloud
Encourage class participation and develop students’ active listening skills by reading aloud text excerpts.
![Students working in groups in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2017_FH256875.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=ZaNxWg2h)
Teaching Strategy
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Journals in the Classroom
Create a practice of student journaling to help your students critically examine their surroundings and make informed judgments.
![Two students writing in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101676.jpg?h=c11c9c1d&itok=TlOy-GAQ)
Lesson 2: Exploring Identity
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 2 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Words Matter
Reflect on the power of the words that we attach to people through an Anishinaabe woman’s memory of being called an “Indian” while growing up in Canada (Spanish available).
![Hands raised in the air by group of people](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_GroupBelonging_FH229369.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=O6H7UmzG)
Reading
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Finding Confidence
A young woman describes her journey overcoming an inner bully and fear of being different.
![Sample identity chart.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Sample%20Identity%20Chart.jpg?h=73950368&itok=I6qebs7v)
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Finding One's Voice
Julius Lester describes finding his identity in an unexpected place as an African American teenager living in the segregated South.
![Artist Glenn Ligon created Untitled: Four Etchings [B] using a quotation from writer Zora Neale Hurston’s essay, “How It Feels to Be Colored Me.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/D15968_Medium_res.jpg?h=c15025bd&itok=EIHlZetq)
Reading
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Gender and Identity
Read the personal reflections of a mother whose young son has challenged her assumptions and expectations about gender identity.
![Sample identity chart.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Sample%20Identity%20Chart.jpg?h=73950368&itok=I6qebs7v)
Reading
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Being Jewish in the United States
Explore the complexity of Jewish identity with reflections from three teenagers about what being Jewish means to them.
![A woman and a child light a candle as their family gathers during the Passover Seder.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch01_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=d2t6Z_O3)
Chapter
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The Individual and Society
How does our society shape the way we define ourselves and others? Explore some of the dilemmas people experience when others perceive them differently than they define themselves.
![Blurred crowd used to illustrate "individual and society" in Holocaust and Human Behavior.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/HHB_Chapter_1_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=oyKNRFjB)
Teaching Strategy
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Identity Charts
Use identity charts to help students consider the many factors that shape their own identity and that of groups, nations, and historical and literary figures.
![An example of an identity chart for a high school student living in the Boston suburbs.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-10/Copy%20of%20Identity%20Chart%20Template%20%281900%20%C3%97%201414%20px%29%20%281%29.png?h=d3d13267&itok=RJS3A0Jw)
Teaching Strategy
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Jigsaw: Developing Community and Disseminating Knowledge
Students will become “experts” on a topic and then share their new knowledge with peers.
![Four students sitting at a table smiling and talking to each other](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221005.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=iKLwzbzJ)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Teaching Strategy
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Read Aloud
Encourage class participation and develop students’ active listening skills by reading aloud text excerpts.
![Students working in groups in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2017_FH256875.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=ZaNxWg2h)
Lesson 3: Stereotypes and "Single Stories"
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 3 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Video
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The Danger of a Single Story
In her TED Talk, writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie describes the effects that labels can have on how we think about ourselves and others.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_769.jpg)
Reading
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The Danger of a Single Story
Nigerian writer Chimamanda Adichie challenges us to consider the power of stories to influence identity, shape stereotypes, and build paths to empathy.
![Fragmented images of a human face.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Ch01_Image07_Medium_res.jpg?h=d2de68a6&itok=T0WiNJDv)
Reading
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Little Things Are Big
Puerto Rican writer Jesús Colón describes a time when his awareness of stereotypes influenced his decision-making.
![Fragmented images of a human face.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Ch01_Image07_Medium_res.jpg?h=d2de68a6&itok=T0WiNJDv)
Handout
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The Danger of a Single Story Viewing/Reading Guide
Help students process Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s TED Talk with these prompts.
![Photograph by James Luna.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HHB_Chapter_2_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=OtysDNT5)
Image
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Street Calculus
This cartoon by Garry Trudeau explores the ways that identity impacts how we perceive people.
![Cartoon depicting two strangers greeting each other, while in thought bubbles each internally assesses the other’s “risk.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/StreetCalculus_FH224140.jpg?h=b5c2cb84&itok=pKvhN6fn)
Handout
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Text-to-Text, Text-to-Self, Text-to-World
Use this handout to help your students make text-to-text, text-to-self, and text-to-world connections.
![Preview Image of the Text to Text, Text to Self, Text to World Worksheet.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-10/Text-to-Text%2C%20Text-to-Self%2C%20Text-to-World%20Template%20%281900%20%C3%97%201414%20px%29.png?h=d3d13267&itok=ZzB2t0pH)
Teaching Strategy
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Concept Maps: Generate, Sort, Connect, Elaborate
Students sort, arrange, and connect their thoughts on an idea or question, creating a visual representation of their understanding.
![A student writes in a notebook](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/London_Classroom_2019_FH2117950.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=O7N0gmv8)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
Teaching Strategy
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Concentric Circles
This kinesthetic discussion activity invites students to be active listeners and speakers and to interact with a wide range of classmates.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Canada_Classroom_2013_%20FH156999.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=QakDgVIE)
Teaching Strategy
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Wraparound
Encourage all students to share their quick reactions to a question, topic, or text.
![Students and teacher engage in discussion in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_FH152780.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=m7vlE77a)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 4: Universe of Obligation
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 4 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Universe of Obligation
Reflect on how individuals, communities, and nations decide who has rights that are worthy of respect and protection with this introduction to the concept of the "universe of obligation."
![Integrated classroom listening to lecture.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Integrated_Classroom_at_Anacostia_High_School_Washington_DC.jpg?h=84d4f253&itok=A77sd2zj)
Chapter
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We and They
Discover how societies throughout history have defined membership based on ideas about human similarities and differences, such as race, religion, and nation.
![Photograph by James Luna.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HHB_Chapter_2_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=OtysDNT5)
Reading
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What Do We Do with a Difference?
A poem by James Berry invites us to question the ways we as individuals and societies react to difference.
![The translation of this sign in this children's book illustration is, “Jews are not welcome here.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_%202015_Antisemitic_childrens_book_FH147000.jpg?h=9536fd13&itok=dYmJ2c_u)
Reading
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Understanding Strangers
Journalist Ryszard Kapuscinski traces back to the earliest family-tribes and discusses how human beings either cooperate or divide with “the other."
![Abstract image of friends.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_2014_friends_FH129352.jpg?h=d9c90c06&itok=awSArrUF)
Handout
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Universe of Obligation
Help your students map out their own universe of obligation with this printable handout.
![Serious reflective students](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-08/_DSF7178-20%20%281%29.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=zBa47okc)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Unit Assessment: Step 1
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Unit Assessment: Step 1 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Book
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
Teaching Strategy
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Anticipation Guides
Get students thinking about the ideas and themes that they’ll encounter in a unit or a text.
![Students sit in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-08/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152732_teaser.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=AT_XgrCo)
Teaching Strategy
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Four Corners
Get all students involved by asking them to show their stance on a statement through their positioning around the room.
![A students talks with other students in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/LosAngeles_Classroom_2018_FH287164.jpg?h=a7f0580e&itok=J8auOvoo)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
Teaching Strategy
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Teaching Strategy
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Dissecting the Prompt
Teach students how to decode an essay prompt with this four-step procedure.
![Students typing on laptops](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Cleveland_Classroom_2016_FH221925.jpg?h=6a1033c7&itok=lxqbzZEX)
Lesson 5: The Concept of Race
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 5 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Growing Up with Racism
In a letter to her daughter, Lisa Delpit reflects on how racism has shaped her worldview and her hopes and fears for her child.
![Cropped cover of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior Unit Outline for Teachers.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/FHAO_Teaching_HHaB_large_clip_for_Web_or_Office_Use.jpg?h=754df2af&itok=nYV-a4tk)
Lesson
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Preparing Students for Difficult Conversations
Students establish a safe space for holding sensitive conversations, before introducing the events surrounding Ferguson, by acknowledging people's complicated feelings about race and creating a classroom contract.
![Students learning in class.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2019_SL_190522_0595_FH2101381.jpg?h=0f4230fa&itok=pAqFB2Uf)
Reading
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What Do We Do with a Difference?
A poem by James Berry invites us to question the ways we as individuals and societies react to difference.
![The translation of this sign in this children's book illustration is, “Jews are not welcome here.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_%202015_Antisemitic_childrens_book_FH147000.jpg?h=9536fd13&itok=dYmJ2c_u)
Handout
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Which One of These Things Is Not Like the Others?
This handout introduces students to the idea that when we sort and categorize, we make judgments about which characteristics are more meaningful than others.
![Blurred crowd used to illustrate "individual and society" in Holocaust and Human Behavior.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/HHB_Chapter_1_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=oyKNRFjB)
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Race: The Power of an Illusion (The Difference Between Us)
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The first episode in the three-part series Race: The Power of an Illusion explores if differences exist in biological variation on the basis of race.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_93.jpg)
Handout
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Race and Racism
Have students annotate and reflect on scholar George Fredrickson's definition of race.
![Black ink etching on white paper with the words "I do not always feel colored" written repeatedly. The ink gets smudged and illegible toward the end](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/D11335_Medium_res.jpg?h=38731381&itok=Jh7iUy6T)
Video
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A Class Divided
Third-grade teacher, Jane Elliott meets with her former class to discuss the experiment on discrimination she conducted 15 years earlier and the effects it had on their lives. She also gives the lesson to employees of the Iowa prison system.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_564.jpg)
Chapter
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We and They
Discover how societies throughout history have defined membership based on ideas about human similarities and differences, such as race, religion, and nation.
![Photograph by James Luna.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HHB_Chapter_2_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=OtysDNT5)
Teaching Strategy
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3-2-1
Use the 3-2-1 strategy to gauge students’ understanding and interest in a topic.
![Student writes in a notebook in classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152793.jpg?h=9850bda7&itok=mo95EDc-)
Teaching Strategy
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 6: The Roots and Impact of Antisemitism
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 6 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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“We Don’t Control America” and Other Myths, Part 1
A young Jewish woman shares a time when she encountered someone with a false stereotype about Jews.
![A woman and a child light a candle as their family gathers during the Passover Seder.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch01_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=d2t6Z_O3)
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“We Don’t Control America” and Other Myths, Part 2
A young Jewish person reflects on the impact of antisemitic myths on attitudes today.
![A woman and a child light a candle as their family gathers during the Passover Seder.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch01_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=d2t6Z_O3)
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“We Don’t Control America” and Other Myths, Part 3
Olympic gymnast Kerri Strug reflects on why she gets asked the question “You’re Jewish?” (Spanish available).
![A woman and a child light a candle as their family gathers during the Passover Seder.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch01_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=d2t6Z_O3)
Reading
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Anti-Judaism before the Enlightenment
Deepen your understanding of the history of antisemitism with this overview of the persecution, violence, and restrictions Jews throughout Europe faced during the Middle Ages.
![A contemporary drawing of the Hep! Hep! riots in Frankfurt am Main in 1819. Notice that both men and women participated in the violence.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_2015_HepHepRiots_FH147029.jpg?h=68d52520&itok=QlgzjK49)
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From Religious Prejudice to Antisemitism
Learn about the restricted rights and membership of Jews in newly unified Germany, and antisemitism's pervasiveness across Europe during this period.
![Abstract image of friends.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_2014_friends_FH129352.jpg?h=d9c90c06&itok=awSArrUF)
Handout
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Overview of Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism
This handout provides students with an overview of the long history of hatred and discrimination against Jews.
![Woodcut of a group of men in a pit being set on fire.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch02_Image01_Medium_res.jpg?h=a61f7ba7&itok=xDw1MDcG)
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The Ancient Roots of Anti-Judaism
Scholars trace anti-Jewish myths, hatred, and violence back to the time of the Roman Empire in this historical overview of anti-Judaism’s roots.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1673.jpg)
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Antisemitism from the Enlightenment to World War I
Scholars describe the persistence of antisemitism in Europe from the Enlightenment through World War I and explain how new social, political, and pseudo-scientific justifications were created to perpetuate old prejudices.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1677.jpg)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 7: World War I and Its Aftermath in Germany
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 7 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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The Brutal Realities of World War I
Gain insight into the death and destruction of World War I with firsthand accounts from former soldiers.
![Painting title Gassed by John Singer Sargent. Shows World War I soldiers with bandaged eyes being led by other soldiers. Many dead and injured soldiers laying at the base of the painting.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch3_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=fe25bc16&itok=_3yOA5E-)
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Negotiating Peace
Learn about the concessions that the Treaty of Versailles required from Germany after its defeat in World War I.
![German delegates talk in May 1919 during the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in France.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Holocaust_2022_GermanDelegatesattheSigningoftheTreatyofVersailles_FH2173867.jpeg?h=c8a745b3&itok=ngFT6CP1)
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The Beginning of World War I
Why did World War I start? Learn about some of the important causes of World War I and the spark that ignited the fighting.
![photo of WWII soldiers walking on beach](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HumanRights_1914_Germaninfantryonthebattlefield_FH249299.jpg?h=1fe31e6b&itok=AuQVRbED)
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Disillusion on the Battlefield
Get insight into the experiences of soldiers in World War I through poetry and literature excerpts.
![A Still image from the 1915 propaganda film The Battle of Somme. A World War I soldier carries a body on his back.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/The_Battle_of_the_Somme_film_image2.jpg?h=8e8edc7c&itok=lXwsRCvH)
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Signing the Armistice
Find out about the terms of the armistice that ended World War I and the rumors that swirled in its wake.
![German military aircraft being dismantled and scrapped after World War I, according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image10_Medium_res.jpg?h=8b6300e7&itok=AKXPn6CM)
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World War I in Europe and the Middle East
World War I was fought between the Central powers and the Allied powers simultaneously on several fronts in western Europe, eastern Europe, and the Middle East. See full-sized image for analysis.
![Map showing major alliances and advances of the Central and Allied powers during World War I.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_32_Europe_ME_WWI_1914_18.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=hSmRZuQZ)
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John Singer Sargent, Gassed, 1919
John Singer Sargent painted Gassed in 1919, depicting the effects of chemical weapons used by Germans against the British in the Battle of Arras on August 21, 1918.
![Painting title Gassed by John Singer Sargent. Shows World War I soldiers with bandaged eyes being led by other soldiers. Many dead and injured soldiers laying at the base of the painting.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch3_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=fe25bc16&itok=_3yOA5E-)
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Otto Dix, Verwundeter (Wounded Soldier), 1924
Dix was a New Objectivist artist known for the brutal realism of his paintings. He was wounded several times by German soldiers on the western front during World War I. He based his series Der Krieg (The War) on these experiences.
![Dix was a New Objectivist artist known for the brutal realism of his paintings. He was wounded several times by Germans soldier on the Western Front during World War I. He based his series entitled Der Krieg (The War) on these experiences.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=f3a37c6e&itok=Ne3vlzPM)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
Teaching Strategy
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K-W-L Charts
Use K-W-L charts to help students assess what they already know about a topic and what they want to learn.
![K-W-L Chart template that can be printed out and used in the classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-10/KWL%20Chart%20Teaching%20Strategy%20%20%281900%20%C3%97%201414%20px%29.png?h=d3d13267&itok=waUHntVd)
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3-2-1
Use the 3-2-1 strategy to gauge students’ understanding and interest in a topic.
![Student writes in a notebook in classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152793.jpg?h=9850bda7&itok=mo95EDc-)
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Wraparound
Encourage all students to share their quick reactions to a question, topic, or text.
![Students and teacher engage in discussion in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_FH152780.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=m7vlE77a)
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World War: Choices and Consequences
Investigate how World War I heightened divisions between “we” and “they” among people and nations and left behind fertile ground for Nazi Germany in the following decades.
![Painting title Gassed by John Singer Sargent. Shows World War I soldiers with bandaged eyes being led by other soldiers. Many dead and injured soldiers laying at the base of the painting.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch3_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=fe25bc16&itok=_3yOA5E-)
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Jigsaw: Developing Community and Disseminating Knowledge
Students will become “experts” on a topic and then share their new knowledge with peers.
![Four students sitting at a table smiling and talking to each other](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221005.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=iKLwzbzJ)
Lesson 8: The Weimar Republic
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 8 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Lesson
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Defining Democracy
Students brainstorm different definitions of democracy and consider democracy's relationship to their own communities and cultures.
![Student writing and discussing](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/SL_190522_0668.jpg?h=0f4230fa&itok=7bJ88-IJ)
Handout
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Introduction to the Weimar Republic
Help students be active listeners of your mini-lecture on the Weimar Republic.
![Photo of magician from television presentation in the Weimar Republic.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/Weimar%20magician.jpeg?h=8e3c2332&itok=C96ZH1HD)
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Weimar Republic Images
Use these photos and fine art from the Weimar Era to have students complete an image-analysis activity.
![Photo of magician from television presentation in the Weimar Republic.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/Weimar%20magician.jpeg?h=8e3c2332&itok=C96ZH1HD)
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Education in the Weimar Republic
Use this handout in a Stations activity that asks students to explore several aspects of life in the Weimar Republic.
![A crowd of women standing in line at a polling station in the Weimar Republic in 1919, the first year women were allowed to vote.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image12_Medium_res.jpg?h=7627bb82&itok=YljeUuli)
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Voices in the Dark
Use this handout in a Stations activity that asks students to explore several aspects of life in the Weimar Republic.
![Poster for Women's Day, March 8, 1914, demanding voting rights for women.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-02/Frauentag_1914_Heraus_mit_dem_Frauenwahlrecht.jpg?h=3818de31&itok=CNoaJGZQ)
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Hyperinflation and the Great Depression
Use this handout in a Stations activity that asks students to explore several aspects of life in the Weimar Republic.
![A woman takes a basket of banknotes to buy cabbage at a market during the 1933 hyperinflation in Weimar Germany.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image11_Medium_res.jpg?h=743bf4af&itok=TikJcpxP)
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Women in the Weimar Republic
Use this handout in a Stations activity that asks students to explore several aspects of life in the Weimar Republic.
![Poster for Women's Day, March 8, 1914, demanding voting rights for women.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-02/Frauentag_1914_Heraus_mit_dem_Frauenwahlrecht.jpg?h=3818de31&itok=CNoaJGZQ)
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The Bubbling Cauldron
Have students demonstrate their understanding of the conflicts and tensions in the Weimar Republic by completing this graphic organizer.
![A woman takes a basket of banknotes to buy cabbage at a market during the 1933 hyperinflation in Weimar Germany.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image11_Medium_res.jpg?h=743bf4af&itok=TikJcpxP)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Unit Assessment: Step 2
These are the resources we recommend pairing with the Unit Assessment: Step 2 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Teaching Strategy
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Two-Minute Interview
Students interview classmates to gather evidence and ideas about a topic as they practice being active listeners.
![Students in two lines facing and talking to each other.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221012.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=7muXHc1M)
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Annotating and Paraphrasing Sources
Teach students to carefully read material by having them underline key words, write margin notes, and summarize main ideas.
![Student notes](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152727.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=sc4aJuo8)
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The Weimar Republic: The Fragility of Democracy
Explore the efforts to build a democracy in Germany in the 1920s, and examine the misunderstandings, myths, and fears that often undercut those efforts.
![In addition to his depictions of World War I, Otto Dix was also known for his ruthless criticism of German society during the Weimar years.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=92903f94&itok=hFi7XgsO)
Book
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
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Give One, Get One
Students seek out and share ideas and information with classmates through this cooperative learning strategy.
![Students in two lines facing and talking to each other.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221012.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=7muXHc1M)
Teaching Strategy
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
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Evidence Logs
Use a graphic tool to help students centralize and organize evidence as they prepare to respond to a writing prompt.
![Students typing on laptops](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Cleveland_Classroom_2016_FH221925.jpg?h=6a1033c7&itok=lxqbzZEX)
Lesson 9: The Rise of the Nazi Party
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 9 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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National Socialist German Workers’ Party Platform
Explore the provisions Hitler proposed at the National Socialist German Workers' Party’s first large party gathering 1920.
![Nazi soldiers marching. Teaser image for reading on the Rise of the Nazis](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1923_Bild102-13376_FH26400.jpg?h=ae6913b4&itok=y14Gj_dr)
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Hitler in Power
Consider the motivations and expectations of Paul von Hindenburg when he appointed Hitler to chancellor of Germany.
![Freikorps soldiers during their attempt to overthrow the Weimar government and restore the monarchy in an attempted coup known as the Kapp Putsch in March 1920.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image14_Medium_res.jpg?h=83f3d97f&itok=18Rs8QaX)
Lesson
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Choices in Weimar Republic Elections
Students read fictional biographies of German citizens and make hypotheses about the citizens' voting choices in the Weimar elections.
![In addition to his depictions of World War I, Otto Dix was also known for his ruthless criticism of German society during the Weimar years.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=92903f94&itok=hFi7XgsO)
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Hitler's Rise to Power: 1918-1933
Scholars Wendy Lower, Peter Hayes, Michael Berenbaum, Jonathan Petropoulos, and Deborah Dwork describe how Adolf Hitler became a powerful political figure in Weimar Germany in the aftermath of World War I.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1752.jpg)
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Hitler’s Rise to Power, 1918-1933 Viewing Guide
Give students these prompts as they watch a short documentary on the Nazis' rise to power.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=yrklK-Ep)
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What did the Nazis Believe?
Check-in on students' comprehension of the Nazi Party Platform with these true/false questions.
![The Parade of the Political Administrators in Nuremberg, Germany.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_GermanPartyDay_%20FH229691.jpg?h=193b5c49&itok=QZdPclXH)
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1932 Election Results
Share this data on the elections in Weimar Germany to prompt discussion about politics in Weimar and the rise of the Nazi party.
![Adolf Hitler has his hand placed on a young girl in a white dress as he speaks with her](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch04_Image17_Medium_res.jpg?h=8f85ebe8&itok=4T71wftn)
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1932 German Election Ballot
The 1932 German election ballot featured 36 parties, many of which existed only on paper. The number of different groups made it difficult for any single party to gain a majority in parliament in the Weimar Republic.
![A sample 1932 German Election ballot. A long page with a list of items to vote on, in German text.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046291%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichstagswahl%2C_Wahlzettel_Medium_res.jpg?h=64aaa142&itok=H6JurCwa)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
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Read Aloud
Encourage class participation and develop students’ active listening skills by reading aloud text excerpts.
![Students working in groups in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2017_FH256875.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=ZaNxWg2h)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 10: European Jewish Life before World War II
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 10 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Gallery
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Pre-War Jewish Life in Eastern Europe
Explore photographs of the everyday lives of European Jews living in shtetls and larger cities before World War II.
![Shabbtai (Shepske) Sonenson takes one of the shtetl's Hebrew teachers for a ride on his new motorcycle.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1941_ShabbtaiSonensonOnMotorcycle_FH2115443.jpg?h=d392e916&itok=DmuRlDw6)
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Photo Analysis of Prewar Jewish Life
Complete a Text-to-Text, Text-to-Self, Text-to-World activity using photographs of Jewish life in Europe before World War II.
![Family portrait with children, parents, and grandparents. Taken circa 1930-1940.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Group_portrait_of_a_prewar_Jewish_family_FH260052.jpg?h=eb24755d&itok=WLbJ7yIT)
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A Day in Warsaw
This short documentary captures the spirit of Jewish life in Warsaw, Poland, before World War II.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_714.jpg)
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Sholem Aleichem: Understanding the Life of Shtetl Jews
This clip from "Sholem Aleichem: Laughing in the Darkness" covers the advantages and disadvantages of growing up in a shtetl as seen through Sholem Aleichem's story "The Town of the Little People."
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_304.jpg)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Text-to-Text, Text-to-Self, Text-to-World
Use text-to-text, text-to-self, and text-to-world comparisons to help students connect ideas in a text to their own lives, current events, and history.
![A close-up of an open book in someone's hands](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2014_%20FH130909.jpg?h=0d27ee61&itok=KTdUxDpl)
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Wraparound
Encourage all students to share their quick reactions to a question, topic, or text.
![Students and teacher engage in discussion in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_FH152780.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=m7vlE77a)
Lesson 11: Dismantling Democracy
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 11 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Shaping Public Opinion
Read about the far-reaching efforts of Joseph Goebbels and the Ministry of Propaganda to generate enthusiasm for the Nazi party.
![On the night of January 30, 1933, SA men paraded with torches through Berlin to celebrate Hitler’s appointment as chancellor.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_TorchlightParadeCelebratingHitler_%20FH229432.jpg?h=cb9047e7&itok=WsHG6GG0)
Reading
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Targeting Jews
Learn about the Nazis' boycott of Jewish-owned businesses, including a firsthand account from a German Jew.
![SA members in 1933 stand in front of a barricaded Jewish shop, holding signs in both German and English urging the boycott of Jewish businesses.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_BoycottOfJewishBusinesses_FH229436.jpg?h=fb0bd1b2&itok=rrEd3_YP)
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"Restoring" Germany's Civil Service
Read a letter exchange between Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg regarding a law that suspended Jews from positions of civil service in Nazi Germany.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
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Where They Burn Books...
Consider the significance of the public burning of books in Nazi Germany in 1933.
![Students contribute anti-German books to be destroyed at a Berlin book-burning on May 10, 1933. About 40,000 people attended the event.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=743bf4af&itok=z-Z7ctxe)
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Isolating Homosexuals
Find out how Hitler strengthened enforcement of Paragraph 175, a law that made homosexuality a crime in Germany.
![Crackdown on Communists and Social Democrats: arrested in the SA-barracks on Friedrichstrasse, April, 1933](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_CrackdownOnCommunistsSocialDemocrats_%20FH223594.jpg?h=b4b77820&itok=qioklvs6)
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Storm Troopers, Elite Guards, and Secret Police
Learn about the roles of the the SA, the SS, and the Gestapo in Nazi Germany.
![Crackdown on Communists and Social Democrats: arrested in the SA-barracks on Friedrichstrasse, April, 1933](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_CrackdownOnCommunistsSocialDemocrats_%20FH223594.jpg?h=b4b77820&itok=qioklvs6)
Reading
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Spying on Family and Friends
Discover the effects of the “Malicious Attacks” law, which criminalized dissent to the Nazi party, had on one German family and on German society as a whole.
![Hitler Youth groups educated young people according to Nazi principles, and the encouraged comradeship and physical fitness through outdoor activities](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_HitlerYouthHiking_FH229449.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=PbrzWAsf)
Reading
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Speaking in Whispers
Learn about the role of cell and block wardens, Germans who collected information about their neighbors in Nazi German society.
![An issue of the antisemitic propaganda newspaper Der Stürmer (The Attacker) is posted on the sidewalk in Worms, Germany, in 1935. The headline above the case says, ""The Jews Are Our Misfortune.""](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_NaziPropagandaNewspaper_FH229452.jpg?h=fb0bd1b2&itok=WOgfci3M)
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From Democracy to Dictatorship
Alfred Wolf, a Holocaust survivor from Eberbach, Germany, recalls the changes he noticed in Germany after the election of Adolf Hitler.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_517.jpg)
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Hitler's Rise to Power: 1933-1934
Scholars Timothy Ryback, Wendy Lower, Jonathan Petropoulos, Michael Berenbaum, and Peter Hayes discuss Adolf Hitler’s final steps in securing total power in Germany.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1759.jpg)
Handout
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Hitler’s Rise to Power: 1933–1934 Viewing Guide
Guide students' comprehension of a short documentary on the Nazis' rise to power.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
Handout
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Democracy to Dictatorship Reading Analysis
Use this handout in a Stations activity that asks students to explore several aspects of life in the Weimar Republic.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
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Hitler's First Victims
Author Timothy Ryback explains how, in 1933, four Jewish political prisoners at Dachau concentration camp became some of the first victims of Hitler and the Nazis.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1753.jpg)
Teaching Strategy
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Fishbowl
Use the Fishbowl discussion strategy to help students practice being contributors and listeners in a group conversation.
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 12: Do You Take the Oath?
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 12 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Pledging Allegiance
Compare the text of Germany's original military oath with Hitler’s new oath, and consider the implications of the oath's promise of allegiance to a single leader.
![The Parade of the Political Administrators in Nuremberg, Germany.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_GermanPartyDay_%20FH229691.jpg?h=193b5c49&itok=QZdPclXH)
Lesson
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Do You Take the Oath?
Students consider the choices and reasoning of individual Germans who stayed quiet or spoke up during the first few years of Nazi rule.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_SwearingAllegianceToHitler_FH229433.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=8JL6O5JQ)
Reading
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Refusing to Pledge Allegiance
Read about two men's refusals to pledge their allegiance to the Nazis and the consequences they faced.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_SwearingAllegianceToHitler_FH229433.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=8JL6O5JQ)
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No Time to Think
Explore bystander behavior, conformity, and obedience in a German college professor’s account of how he responded to Nazi policies and ideology.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_SwearingAllegianceToHitler_FH229433.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=8JL6O5JQ)
Reading
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Working Toward the Führer
Consider how the Nazis leveraged Hitler’s public image in their pursuit to transform German society according to Nazi ideology.
![Students contribute anti-German books to be destroyed at a Berlin book-burning on May 10, 1933. About 40,000 people attended the event.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=743bf4af&itok=z-Z7ctxe)
Teaching Strategy
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Read Aloud
Encourage class participation and develop students’ active listening skills by reading aloud text excerpts.
![Students working in groups in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2017_FH256875.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=ZaNxWg2h)
Teaching Strategy
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Teaching Strategy
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Found Poems
Students compose poems using only words, phrases, or quotations from a text that they find meaningful.
![A close up of a student writing on a piece of paper.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/LosAngeles_ClassroomImage_2012_FH116207.jpg?h=9a556404&itok=SXiHI4Fc)
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Socratic Seminar
A Socratic Seminar invites students to facilitate a discussion in order to work together toward a shared understanding of a text.
![Two students sitting in a classroom with one student talking and gesturing](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151349.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=DKqBQANg)
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Lifted Line Poem
Educators will provide a creative way for students to engage with a text by transforming a line they find meaningful into a poem.
![Two students writing in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101676.jpg?h=c11c9c1d&itok=TlOy-GAQ)
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Save the Last Word for Me
This discussion strategy helps students practice being both active speakers and active listeners in a group conversation.
![Four students sitting at a table with one student talking and gesturing.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152755.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=KNLRAWk3)
Lesson 13: Laws and the National Community
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 13 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Discovering Jewish Blood
Find out how one family's lives changed when Hitler passed the Nuremberg Laws in Nazi Germany.
![This chart was designed to help Germans determine their racial status as outlined by the 1935 Nuremberg Laws.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1935_ChartIllustratingNurembergLaws_FH229446.jpg?h=1925ac1e&itok=debI0Ujn)
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The Common Interest before Self-Interest
Read the text of a widely distributed Nazi pamphlet that outlined National Socialism's central goals and defined what it meant to be German.
![Leni Riefenstahl's documentary-style film Triumph of the Will glorified Hitler and the Nazi party. It was shot at the 1934 Nazi Party congress and rally in Nuremberg.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1934_TriumphOfTheWillPropagandaFilm_%20FH229448.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=aYRfG6nB)
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Breeding the New German "Race"
Learn about the sterilization law in Nazi Germany and other measures taken by the Nazis to ensure the purity of the Aryan race.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image07_Medium_res.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=r2g1_XRV)
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A Wave of Discrimination
Review a list of anti-Jewish laws, policies, and decrees made in Nazi Germany in 1933.
![Crackdown on Communists and Social Democrats: arrested in the SA-barracks on Friedrichstrasse, April, 1933](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_CrackdownOnCommunistsSocialDemocrats_%20FH223594.jpg?h=b4b77820&itok=qioklvs6)
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First Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law
Use this excerpt from the Nuremberg Laws in a Big Paper activity that will help students understand the role of laws in Nazi Germany.
![In 1933, Jewish businessman Oskar Danker and his girlfriend, a Christian woman, were forced to carry signs discouraging Jewish-German integration. Intimate relationships between “true Germans” and Jews were outlawed by 1935.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_DiscouragingGermanJewishIntegration_FH229441.jpg?h=ad1846e1&itok=dfgQyzmm)
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Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, Part 1
Use this excerpt from the Nuremberg Laws in a Big Paper activity that will help students understand the role of laws in Nazi Germany.
![In 1933, Jewish businessman Oskar Danker and his girlfriend, a Christian woman, were forced to carry signs discouraging Jewish-German integration. Intimate relationships between “true Germans” and Jews were outlawed by 1935.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_DiscouragingGermanJewishIntegration_FH229441.jpg?h=ad1846e1&itok=dfgQyzmm)
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Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, Part 2
Use this excerpt from the Nuremberg Laws in a Big Paper activity that will help students understand the role of laws in Nazi Germany.
![In 1933, Jewish businessman Oskar Danker and his girlfriend, a Christian woman, were forced to carry signs discouraging Jewish-German integration. Intimate relationships between “true Germans” and Jews were outlawed by 1935.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_DiscouragingGermanJewishIntegration_FH229441.jpg?h=ad1846e1&itok=dfgQyzmm)
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A Class Divided
Third-grade teacher, Jane Elliott meets with her former class to discuss the experiment on discrimination she conducted 15 years earlier and the effects it had on their lives. She also gives the lesson to employees of the Iowa prison system.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_564.jpg)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
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Big Paper: Building a Silent Conversation
Students have a written conversation with peers and use silence as a tool to explore a topic in depth.
![Group of students writing on large piece of chart paper.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-09/LosAngeles_BigPaperActivityTeachingStrategy_NametagsRemoved_FH287345.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=xUHLWrBJ)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Teaching Strategy
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Connect, Extend, Challenge
Deepen students' understanding of a topic by having them connect to their prior knowledge.
![Students write at their desks.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-07/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101681.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=pItuRsH2)
Unit Assessment: Step 3
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Unit Assessment: Step 3 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
Teaching Strategy
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Give One, Get One
Students seek out and share ideas and information with classmates through this cooperative learning strategy.
![Students in two lines facing and talking to each other.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221012.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=7muXHc1M)
Teaching Strategy
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Lesson 14: The Power of Propaganda
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 14 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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The Impact of Propaganda
Get insight on the ability and limits of propaganda to influence the beliefs, feelings, and actions of those exposed to it.
![An issue of the antisemitic propaganda newspaper Der Stürmer (The Attacker) is posted on the sidewalk in Worms, Germany, in 1935. The headline above the case says, ""The Jews Are Our Misfortune.""](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_NaziPropagandaNewspaper_FH229452.jpg?h=fb0bd1b2&itok=WOgfci3M)
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The Eternal Jew
This 1938 poster advertises a popular antisemitic traveling exhibit called Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew).
![This 1938 poster advertises a popular antisemitic travelling exhibit called Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew).](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_TheEternalJew_%20FH229442.jpg?h=edbe8cda&itok=u8tDfVVk)
Poster
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Nazi Recruitment Propaganda
This mid-1930s poster says, “The NSDAP [Nazi Party] protects the people. Your fellow comrades need your advice and help, so join the local party organization.
![This mid-1930s poster says, “The NSDAP (Nazi Party) protects the people. Your fellow comrades need your advice and help, so join the local party organization.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1936_NaziRecruitmentPropaganda_FH229451.jpg?h=5e938d19&itok=Wj-dTXcd)
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Hitler Youth Propaganda
This 1935 poster promotes the Hitler Youth by stating: “Youth serves the Führer! All ten-year-olds into the Hitler Youth.”
![This 1935 poster promotes the Hitler Youth by stating: “Youth serves the Führer! All ten-year-olds into the Hitler Youth.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1935_HitlerYouthPropaganda_FH229453.jpg?h=281fd010&itok=hUkcmOSd)
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Propaganda during World War I: An Appeal to You!
Journalist, lecturer, and author Adam Hochschild discusses the use of propaganda during World War I.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_589.jpg)
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Art as Propaganda: The Nazi Degenerate Art Exhibit
Jonathan Petropoulos discusses the importance of the German 1937 Degenerate Art exhibit.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1674.jpg)
Image
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Triumph of the Will Propaganda Film
Leni Riefenstahl's documentary-style film glorified Hitler and the Nazi Party. It was shot at the 1934 Nazi Party congress and rally in Nuremberg.
![Leni Riefenstahl's documentary-style film Triumph of the Will glorified Hitler and the Nazi party. It was shot at the 1934 Nazi Party congress and rally in Nuremberg.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1934_TriumphOfTheWillPropagandaFilm_%20FH229448.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=aYRfG6nB)
Reading
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The Impact of Nazi Propaganda: Visual Essay
Explore a curated selection of primary source propaganda images from Nazi Germany.
![Hubert Lanzinger Der Bannerträger (The Standard bearer)](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Hubert_Lanzinger_Der_Bannertrager_%28The_Standard_bearer%29_1.jpg?h=798fb176&itok=F6FGMzOE)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
Teaching Strategy
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Crop It
Help students interpret an image by “framing” smaller portions of the image and analyzing them.
![An illustration with portions framed with post-its.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Classroom_FH2169442.jpg?h=b87bb3ee&itok=rAz-hP2E)
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Read Aloud
Encourage class participation and develop students’ active listening skills by reading aloud text excerpts.
![Students working in groups in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2017_FH256875.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=ZaNxWg2h)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Teaching Strategy
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Connect, Extend, Challenge
Deepen students' understanding of a topic by having them connect to their prior knowledge.
![Students write at their desks.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-07/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101681.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=pItuRsH2)
Teaching Strategy
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Close Viewing Protocol
Teach your students to become critical viewers of film with this four-step procedure.
![Students in classroom reading books](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2014_FH130915.jpg?h=0d27ee61&itok=NTA-6ban)
Lesson 15: Youth and the National Community
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 15 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Teaching Strategy
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Four Corners
Get all students involved by asking them to show their stance on a statement through their positioning around the room.
![A students talks with other students in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/LosAngeles_Classroom_2018_FH287164.jpg?h=a7f0580e&itok=J8auOvoo)
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Big Paper: Building a Silent Conversation
Students have a written conversation with peers and use silence as a tool to explore a topic in depth.
![Group of students writing on large piece of chart paper.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-09/LosAngeles_BigPaperActivityTeachingStrategy_NametagsRemoved_FH287345.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=xUHLWrBJ)
Teaching Strategy
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Connect, Extend, Challenge
Deepen students' understanding of a topic by having them connect to their prior knowledge.
![Students write at their desks.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-07/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101681.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=pItuRsH2)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Reading
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Models of Obedience
Consider how conformity, obedience, and desire for belonging influenced the attitudes and values of youth in Nazi Germany.
![A crowd salutes Nazi Leader Adolf Hitler outside the Reich Chancellery in Berlin after a plebiscite, which gave Hitler absolute power as German Fuhrer. August 19, 1934.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1934_SalutingHitler_FH229692.jpg?h=33252b2e&itok=wqtpArcL)
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Even If All Others Do—I Do Not!
Reflect on the true story of a father who dared to challenge the education his children received in Nazi Germany.
![This mid-1930s poster says, “The NSDAP (Nazi Party) protects the people. Your fellow comrades need your advice and help, so join the local party organization.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1936_NaziRecruitmentPropaganda_FH229451.jpg?h=5e938d19&itok=Wj-dTXcd)
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The Birthday Party
Gain insight into the pressures that compelled young people and their families to support Nazi youth organizations with this story about a member of the Hitler Youth.
![Hitler Youth groups educated young people according to Nazi principles, and the encouraged comradeship and physical fitness through outdoor activities](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_HitlerYouthHiking_FH229449.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=PbrzWAsf)
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Youth in Society Anticipation Guide
Use these statements about the role of youth in society to complete a Four Corners activity.
![A group of boys in Hitler Youth uniforms walk through a field](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Hitler_Youth_Hiking_FH229449.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=WJHEgqaR)
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Changes at School under the Nazis
Kurt Klein, who emigrated from Walldorf, Germany, to the United States in 1937, recalls how Nazi policies and propaganda affected his life at school.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_2054.jpg)
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Friendship and Betrayal
Ellen Kerry Davis, a Jewish woman originally from Hoof, Germany, describes how her family’s friendships were impacted by Nazi rule.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_526.jpg)
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Youth in Nazi Germany Reading Set 1
Have students read and annotate passages on the experiences of youth in Nazi Germany.
![Hitler Youth groups educated young people according to Nazi principles, and the encouraged comradeship and physical fitness through outdoor activities](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_HitlerYouthHiking_FH229449.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=PbrzWAsf)
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Youth in Nazi Germany Reading Set 2
Have students read and annotate passages on the experiences of youth in Nazi Germany.
![Hitler Youth groups educated young people according to Nazi principles, and the encouraged comradeship and physical fitness through outdoor activities](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_HitlerYouthHiking_FH229449.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=PbrzWAsf)
Lesson 16: Kristallnacht
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 16 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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The Night of the Pogrom
Learn what incited Kristallnacht and get insight into the experiences of Jews in Germany on the night of horrendous violence in November 1938.
![Jewish men are arrested by the SS during Kristallnacht in Baden-Baden, Germany, and forced to march through the streets to a nearby synagogue to see it destroyed.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_ArrestsDuringKristallnacht_%20FH229462.jpg?h=312fc7ac&itok=2A1cNlCb)
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Opportunism during Kristallnacht
Examine firsthand reports of the theft committed against Jews during the chaos and violence of Kristallnacht.
![What remained of the synagogue in Dortmund, Germany, after the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_SynagogueKristallnacht_%20FH229456.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=MUxk7bTv)
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A Family Responds to Kristallnacht
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Learn about a family who assisted their Jewish neighbors after Kristallnacht, and the consequences they faced for this decision to help.
![Pedestrians in front of the demolished businesses of Jewish residents on Potsdamer St., Berlin. November 10, 1938.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_PedestriansFrontDestroyedJewishBusinesses_FH223827.jpg?h=603532df&itok=ov-1rXgn)
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Thoroughly Reprehensible Behavior
Read a report from the disciplinary hearing of a German college student who chose to help his Jewish neighbors after Kristallnacht.
![The German military parades through Vienna on March 15, 1938, after the Anschluss.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_GermanMilitaryAustria_FH229461.jpg?h=ae6913b4&itok=MuA5p8zD)
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A Visitor’s Perspective on Kristallnacht
Consider a Swiss merchant’s account of how his German colleagues responded to the events of Kristallnacht.
![What remained of the synagogue in Dortmund, Germany, after the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_SynagogueKristallnacht_%20FH229456.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=MUxk7bTv)
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World Responses to Kristallnacht
Consider how leaders like FDR, clergy members, and ordinary people around the world responded to the news of Kristallnacht.
![In the Chicago Daily News, November 23, 1938, the cartoonist Cecil Jensen pleaded for world leaders to help Europe’s Jews.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Image_Ch07_07_Medium_res.jpg?h=f31e8512&itok=wXnPDOvH)
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The Hangman
Explore bystander behavior and the challenges of speaking up with Maurice Ogden's poem “The Hangman.”
![Passengers aboard the St. Louis, seeking refugee from Nazi-occupied Europe, wait to find out if they will be allowed entry into Cuba in June 1939.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1939_RefugeesAboardTheStLouis_%20FH229460.jpg?h=8911ddd7&itok=s3x-8iE8)
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Nazi Telegram with Instructions for Kristallnacht, November 10, 1938
A translation of a telegram sent from Reinhard Heydrich, Major General of the SS, on November 10, 1938, that instructed local German officers on how to carry out the anti-Jewish measures that became known as Kristallnacht.
![Picture of 1.2.18b.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-11/1.2.18b.jpg?h=3ec5dc1c&itok=e1JXStFl)
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"Kristallnacht": The November 1938 Pogroms
Scholars discuss the events of Kristallnacht, a series of violent attacks against Jews in Germany, Austria, and part of Czechoslovakia in November, 1938.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_643.jpg)
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Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogroms Viewing Guide
Use this handout to help students record notes for the film, "Kristallnacht": The November 1938 Pogroms.
![Image showing the destruction resulting from Kristallnacht.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Test223817_Original_Medium_res.jpg?h=c8d479ee&itok=g317b1wn)
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Elsbeth Lewin Remembers Kristallnacht
Holocaust survivor Elsbeth Lewin describes her and her family's experience of Kristallnacht in Mainz, Germany.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_748.jpg)
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Decision-Making in Times of Fear and Crisis
Help students analyze a reading about the choices made by a person or group during Kristallnacht.
![Image showing the destruction resulting from Kristallnacht.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Test223817_Original_Medium_res.jpg?h=c8d479ee&itok=g317b1wn)
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The Range of Human Behavior Vocabulary Terms
Students predict the definitions of perpetrator, victim, bystander, and upstander, using context clues.
![Classroom image.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-08/2017_classroomimage_FH256520.png?h=56d0ca2e&itok=KfOf28kY)
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Connect, Extend, Challenge
Deepen students' understanding of a topic by having them connect to their prior knowledge.
![Students write at their desks.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-07/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101681.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=pItuRsH2)
Teaching Strategy
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
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Wraparound
Encourage all students to share their quick reactions to a question, topic, or text.
![Students and teacher engage in discussion in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_FH152780.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=m7vlE77a)
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Text-to-Text, Text-to-Self, Text-to-World
Use text-to-text, text-to-self, and text-to-world comparisons to help students connect ideas in a text to their own lives, current events, and history.
![A close-up of an open book in someone's hands](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2014_%20FH130909.jpg?h=0d27ee61&itok=KTdUxDpl)
Lesson 17: Responding to a Refugee Crisis
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 17 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Jewish Refugees from Austria
Examine a 1938 poll that reveals the public opinion in the United States toward the Jewish refugee crisis.
![refugees on a large boat](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1939_RefugeesAboardtheStLouis_FH229460.jpg?h=8911ddd7&itok=lJSR65Z-)
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The Evian Conference
Learn about the conference called by FDR in 1938 to discuss the growing Jewish refugee crisis.
![refugees on a large boat](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1939_RefugeesAboardtheStLouis_FH229460.jpg?h=8911ddd7&itok=lJSR65Z-)
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World Responses to Kristallnacht
Consider how leaders like FDR, clergy members, and ordinary people around the world responded to the news of Kristallnacht.
![In the Chicago Daily News, November 23, 1938, the cartoonist Cecil Jensen pleaded for world leaders to help Europe’s Jews.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Image_Ch07_07_Medium_res.jpg?h=f31e8512&itok=wXnPDOvH)
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Memory and Decision Making in Europe Today
Consider the connection between the refugee crisis facing Europe in 2016 and the aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust.
![This Berlin, Germany, memorial was designed by Dani Karavan and opened in 2012. The triangular stone at the center of the pool holds a fresh flower which is replaced every day.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image17_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=ws2w9-MJ)
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Turned Away on the M.S. St. Louis
Holocaust survivor Sol Messinger describes his experiences attempting to emigrate from Germany to Cuba in 1939 aboard the ship the M.S. St. Louis.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_520.jpg)
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Preparing for the Kindertransport
Vera Gissing, a Holocaust survivor from Czechoslovakia, recalls how her family prepared her for the Kindertransport, a rescue mission that brought thousands of Jewish refugee children to Great Britain.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_528.jpg)
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American Experience: America and the Holocaust
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This episode of The American Experience examines the role of the United States in the Holocaust, exploring such issues as American antisemitism and the deliberate suppression of information that European Jews were slated for genocide.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1351.jpg)
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Open Aggression and World Responses
Consider the dilemmas faced by world leaders as Nazi Germany began taking aggressive action against neighboring countries and individuals in the late 1930s.
![Pedestrians in front of the demolished businesses of Jewish residents on Potsdamer St., Berlin. November 10, 1938.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_PedestriansFrontDestroyedJewishBusinesses_FH223827.jpg?h=603532df&itok=ov-1rXgn)
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Barometer: Taking a Stand on Controversial Issues
Structure an active class discussion in which students express their opinions by standing along a continuum.
![Students discussing in pairs facing each other](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221010.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=bm1hqy9J)
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Jigsaw: Developing Community and Disseminating Knowledge
Students will become “experts” on a topic and then share their new knowledge with peers.
![Four students sitting at a table smiling and talking to each other](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221005.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=iKLwzbzJ)
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S-I-T: Surprising, Interesting, Troubling
Use this quick way for students to demonstrate their engagement with a text, image, or video by having them identify what they find surprising, interesting, and troubling.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Connect, Extend, Challenge
Deepen students' understanding of a topic by having them connect to their prior knowledge.
![Students write at their desks.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-07/Chicago_Classroom_2019_FH2101681.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=pItuRsH2)
Lesson 18: Race and Space
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 18 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Colonizing Poland
Learn about the Nazis’ plan to rearrange the population of Poland, which resulted in the displacement of more than a million ethnic Poles and Jews.
![An exhibit at a Berlin school persuades Germans to help colonize the Warthegau area of Poland. The exhibit says “The land calls you!,” and the painting shows a settler’s car passing by a Polish border sign that has been knocked down.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_ExhibitGermanysColonizationPoland_%20FH229464.jpg?h=83b6248d&itok=71GQUBqx)
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“Cultural Missionaries”
Consider what German citizens thought of Hitler's plan to colonize Poland through these reflections from a member of the League of German Girls and two German soldiers.
![After Germany conquered the Warthegau region of Poland, members of the League of German Girls moved there to help colonize and spread German culture.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_LeagueGermanGirlsWarthegau_%20FH229470.jpg?h=ba88677a&itok=tJvIvSBu)
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The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality
Examine how Nazi Germany's army targeted both the Polish army and the people of Poland as it waged war.
![The Jewish population in Poland being "resettled" by German soldiers, circa 1940-41.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_ResettlingPolishJewsInGermany_%20FH229688.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=ZTl0ABqr)
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Dividing Poland and Its People
Learn how the Nazis imposed their racial hierarchy on the people of Poland during the German occupation.
![German troops parade past the Arc de Triomphe in Paris after they occupied the city in June 1940.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_GermanTroopsInParis_%20FH229463.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=56pgPzNq)
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"Unworthy to Live"
Learn about the Nazis’ medical killing program that was responsible for the murder of mentally and physically disabled people during World War II.
![An exhibit at a Berlin school persuades Germans to help colonize the Warthegau area of Poland. The exhibit says “The land calls you!,” and the painting shows a settler’s car passing by a Polish border sign that has been knocked down.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_ExhibitGermanysColonizationPoland_%20FH229464.jpg?h=83b6248d&itok=71GQUBqx)
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Bystanders at Hartheim Castle
Consider why the residents of Hartheim kept silent about the evidence of mass murder they witnessed in their town throughout World War II.
![Jews wearing Star of David badges in the Lódz ghetto. Established in 1940, the Germans crowded 160,000 Jews from the Polish city, more than a third of its population, into the ghetto.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_JewsInTheLodzGhetto_%20FH229466.jpg?h=afb0b43a&itok=_7RMUlTN)
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Protesting Medical Killing
Explore the stories of three German ministers who chose to speak out against the Nazis’ "euthanasia" program.
![After Germany conquered the Warthegau region of Poland, members of the League of German Girls moved there to help colonize and spread German culture.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_LeagueGermanGirlsWarthegau_%20FH229470.jpg?h=ba88677a&itok=tJvIvSBu)
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Hitler's Ideology: Race, Land, and Conquest
Scholar Doris Bergen discusses the ideologies of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1751.jpg)
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The Growth of Nazi Germany
Between 1933 and 1939, Greater Germany expanded significantly as a result of the Third Reich’s annexations and conquests in eastern Europe.
![Map showing territory conquered, annexed, and remilitarized by Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Map_71_Nazi_Germany_1933_39.jpg?h=9b2d7546&itok=zEdj_X-k)
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League of German Girls in the Warthegau
After Germany conquered the Warthegau region of Poland, members of the League of German Girls moved there to help colonize and spread German culture.
![After Germany conquered the Warthegau region of Poland, members of the League of German Girls moved there to help colonize and spread German culture.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_LeagueGermanGirlsWarthegau_%20FH229470.jpg?h=ba88677a&itok=tJvIvSBu)
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Jews in German-Polish Border Town
This photograph shows Polish Jews who were expelled from their homes in Germany by the Nazis 1938.
![A crowd of people outside surrounded by their suitcases and other belongings](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Jews_in_German_Polish_Border_Town_FH229458.jpg?h=4c3b389f&itok=TnN_eR6P)
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Exhibit on Germany's Colonization of Poland
An exhibit at a Berlin school persuades Germans to help colonize the Warthegau area of Poland. The exhibit says “The land calls you!,” and the painting shows a settler’s car passing by a Polish border sign that has been knocked down.
![An exhibit at a Berlin school persuades Germans to help colonize the Warthegau area of Poland. The exhibit says “The land calls you!,” and the painting shows a settler’s car passing by a Polish border sign that has been knocked down.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_ExhibitGermanysColonizationPoland_%20FH229464.jpg?h=83b6248d&itok=71GQUBqx)
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Bishop von Galen and the War against the Disabled
Scholar Doris Bergen discusses Bishop von Galen and his opposition to the Nazi T4 euthanasia program.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1663.jpg)
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S-I-T: Surprising, Interesting, Troubling
Use this quick way for students to demonstrate their engagement with a text, image, or video by having them identify what they find surprising, interesting, and troubling.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Save the Last Word for Me
This discussion strategy helps students practice being both active speakers and active listeners in a group conversation.
![Four students sitting at a table with one student talking and gesturing.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152755.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=KNLRAWk3)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Unit Assessment: Step 4
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Unit Assessment: Step 4 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Learn to Listen, Listen to Learn
Educators will structure a discussion that uses journaling and group work to strengthen students’ listening skills.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Lesson 19: The Holocaust: Bearing Witness
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 19 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Take This Giant Leap
Begin your study of the Holocaust with a poem by Holocaust survivor Sonia Weitz.
![A crowd of women and children, some with Stars of David patches on their clothing.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch09_Image02.jpg?h=991b0af6&itok=WRPl5J8e)
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A Basic Feeling of Human Dignity
Diary entries from a Jewish woman imprisoned in Bergen-Belsen shed light on how prisoners in camps and ghettos were deprived of dignity.
![A memorial at Auschwitz of shoes taken from prisoners of the camp.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_AuschwitzShoeMemorial_%20FH229698.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=yasBC2Fw)
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Voices from the Warsaw Ghetto
Learn about the Oyneg Shabes, a group in the Warsaw ghetto that documented Nazi crimes and the daily lives of the ghetto's residents.
![The Jewish population in Poland being "resettled" by German soldiers, circa 1940-41.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_ResettlingPolishJewsInGermany_%20FH229688.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=ZTl0ABqr)
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Teaching with Testimony
Engage students in personal accounts from survivors with this collection of video testimony, survivor profiles, and a lesson plan.
![Holocaust Survivor Barbara Fischman shares her testimony.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-09/BarbaraFischmanTraubHolocaustSurvivor.jpeg?h=dec22bcf&itok=WEfh6Znr)
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Choiceless Choices
Consider the experiences of Jewish prisoners who were forced to help German guards murder other prisoners.
![Three members of the Jewish Fighting Organization caught after the Warsaw ghetto uprising.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_WarsawGhettoUprisingResisters_FH229471.jpg?h=54e89a37&itok=2wF9NwaG)
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The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Learn about the largest act of resistance by Jews against the Nazis, mounted by prisoners of the Warsaw ghetto.
![Jewish resistance fighters who fought against the SS and German army during the Warsaw ghetto uprising between April 19 and May 16, 1943, are captured.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-08/Holocaust_1943_CaptureofJewishResistanceFighters_FH229479_teaser.jpeg?h=80724209&itok=Ci9m9DAd)
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Resistance during the Holocaust: An Exploration of the Jewish Partisans
Explore the stories of Jewish partisans that stood against Nazi oppression, genocide, and antisemitism during World War II.
![Russian partisans, one of them photographer Faye Schulman, gathering together in the forest, Naliboki Forest, Belarus, December 1944. The Molotava Brigade was a partisan group made up mostly of escaped Soviet Army POWs. The woman pictured is Faye Schulman, a Jewish woman who fled into the Naliboki forest with her camera equipment and joined the Molotova Brigade. For two years in the forest she photographed the partisan's activities, worked as medical aid and participated in the partisans raid's.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-11/Faye_Schulman_with_Russias_partisans_%2836645181980%29.jpg?h=da8abf78&itok=iIIsrJbR)
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Step By Step: Phases of the Holocaust
Scholar Doris Bergen describes the phases of events that led to the Holocaust.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_478.jpg)
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Phases of the Holocaust
Help students understand the four major stages of the Holocaust according to scholar Doris Bergen.
![Preview of Phases of the Holocaust Handout](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2024-03/PhasesofTheHolocaustTeaser.png?h=d3d13267&itok=snAHFmGT)
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The Nazis in Vilna
In his testimony for USC Shoah Foundation, Holocaust survivor Jack Arnel describes what he saw as a 12-year-old when the Nazis occupied Vilna, Lithuania in 1941.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_532.jpg)
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Jewish Ghettos in Eastern Europe
This map shows the locations of the largest Jewish ghettos.
![This map shows the locations of the largest ghettos.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_JewishGhettosinEasternEurope_FH229527.jpg?h=947ac768&itok=5CDOXryO)
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Main Nazi Camps and Killing Sites
Between 1933 and 1945, the Nazis established more than 40,000 camps for the imprisonment, forced labor, or mass killing of Jews, Sinti and Roma, Communists, and other so-called “enemies of the state."
![Map with locations of main camps and killing sites across Europe during the Nazi era.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_MainNaziCampsandKillingsSites_FH229526.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=h-q6c8c1)
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The Boy in the Warsaw Ghetto
Seven year old boy Tsvi Nussbaum holds his hands up in Warsaw, 1943.
![Seven year old boy Tsvi Nussbaum holds his hands up in Warsaw, 1943.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1943_BoyintheWarsawGhetto_FH249278.jpg?h=1142ef81&itok=0XIzDPv2)
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Mobile Killing Units
Dr. Kutorgene write about what had happened in Kovno as the Nazis prepared to murder the Jews in the ghetto there.
![Photo of Nazi troops invading Prague during Germany's armed forces parade in 1939.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-09/nazis%20invade%20prague_1.jpeg?h=2e0a6ac9&itok=IRD7d_WH)
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Auschwitz
Allow students to reflect on a range of experiences and stories from the Holocaust in a Big Paper silent discussion.
![Women and children wearing star badges at Auschwitz-Birkenau.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/WomenandChildrenatAuschwitzBirkenau_FH229475.jpg?h=991b0af6&itok=HhLFI9yG)
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We May Not Have Another Chance
This handout can be used to distribute a reading from the perspective of Holocaust survivor Sonia Weitz to your students.
![A crowd of women and children, some with Stars of David patches on their clothing.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch09_Image02.jpg?h=991b0af6&itok=WRPl5J8e)
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Diary from the Łódź Ghetto
Allow students to reflect on a range of experiences and stories from the Holocaust in a Big Paper silent discussion.
![A crowd of women and children, some with Stars of David patches on their clothing.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch09_Image02.jpg?h=991b0af6&itok=WRPl5J8e)
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Creating a Found Poem
Creating a “found poem” from a Holocaust survivor’s testimony can be a way to pay respectful attention to and honor his or her experiences.
![Student writes on handout.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Student%20writes%20on%20handout.jpeg?h=24afd704&itok=cEyKcK3X)
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Gallery Walk
A gallery walk activity gets students moving as they explore a range of documents, images, or student work displayed around the classroom.
![Students adding post-it notes to a white board.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221014.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=5S8BMkZW)
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Graffiti Boards
Help students process their thoughts and emotions on a topic by engaging them in a written conversation with their classmates.
![Students adding post-it notes to a white board.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221014.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=5S8BMkZW)
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Read Aloud
Encourage class participation and develop students’ active listening skills by reading aloud text excerpts.
![Students working in groups in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/NewEngland_Classroom_2017_FH256875.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=ZaNxWg2h)
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
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Found Poems
Students compose poems using only words, phrases, or quotations from a text that they find meaningful.
![A close up of a student writing on a piece of paper.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/LosAngeles_ClassroomImage_2012_FH116207.jpg?h=9a556404&itok=SXiHI4Fc)
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 20: The Holocaust: The Range of Responses
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 20 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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A Commandant’s View
Get insight into how a commander at a Nazi death camp viewed his victims and coped with his actions.
![SS guards portrait at Dachau Concentration Camp](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_SSGuardsPortraitAtDachau_%20FH220823.jpg?h=958cf23b&itok=19XN9g0g)
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Bystanders at Hartheim Castle
Consider why the residents of Hartheim kept silent about the evidence of mass murder they witnessed in their town throughout World War II.
![Jews wearing Star of David badges in the Lódz ghetto. Established in 1940, the Germans crowded 160,000 Jews from the Polish city, more than a third of its population, into the ghetto.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_JewsInTheLodzGhetto_%20FH229466.jpg?h=afb0b43a&itok=_7RMUlTN)
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Protests in Germany
Investigate different examples of protest and resistance by Germans against the Nazi regime in the 1940s, including the White Rose resistance group.
![Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst in June 1942.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_WhiteRoseResistanceGroup_FH229473.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=BjXT-amv)
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Deciding to Act
Marion Prichard reflects on rescue, heroism, and the choices she and others in German-occupied Amsterdam made during the Holocaust.
![Marion Pritchard holds Erika Polak, one of the children she saved from the Nazis. Working with the Dutch resistance, Pritchard helped save more than 150 children during World War II.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_MarionPritchard_%20FH229480.jpg?h=22294cb3&itok=dlCxu8XS)
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Le Chambon: A Village Takes a Stand
Explore rescue during the Holocaust with the story of a community in Southern France that sheltered and hid thousands of Jews fleeing Nazi persecution (Spanish available).
![Jews living at a children's home in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France, with their director, Juliette Usach, 1941. The people of Le Chambon and surrounding villages hid nearly 5,000 people fleeing Nazi occupation.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1941_LaGuespyChildrensHome_FH229476.jpg?h=fbf7a813&itok=5bwT7e6v)
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Denmark: A Nation Takes Action
Learn about the people of Denmark’s collective effort to hide and rescue Jews from deportation during the Holocaust.
![Marion Pritchard holds Erika Polak, one of the children she saved from the Nazis. Working with the Dutch resistance, Pritchard helped save more than 150 children during World War II.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_MarionPritchard_%20FH229480.jpg?h=22294cb3&itok=dlCxu8XS)
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Reserve Police Battalion 101
Investigate perpetrator behavior with historian Christopher Browning’s study of the men of a police unit that killed Jews during World War II.
![Crowds of people boarding a train](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Hungarian_Jews_at_Auschwitz_%20FH229474.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=xmBVhY_D)
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Defying the Nazis: The Sharps’ War
These lesson plans use the Ken Burns’ documentary "Defying the Nazis: The Sharps’ War" to explore what motivated Waitstill and Martha Sharp to help refugees.
![Picture of Martha and Waitstill Sharp](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-09/Defying_the_Nazis_banner_new_for_Web_or_Office_Use.jpg?h=96b73c84&itok=SAlIA7T0)
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Facing History Scholar Reflections: Bystanders and Resisters
Dr. Paul Bookbinder discusses the roles of bystanders and resisters during the Holocaust.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1718.jpg)
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Perpetrators, Bystanders, Upstanders, and Rescuers
Help students analyze an assigned reading about an individual in Nazi Germany, focusing on choices, motivations, and consequences.
![Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst in June 1942.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_WhiteRoseResistanceGroup_FH229473.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=BjXT-amv)
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Choices and Consequences
Help students be active listeners of their classmates' presentations about the choices individuals in Nazi Germany.
![Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst in June 1942.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_WhiteRoseResistanceGroup_FH229473.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=BjXT-amv)
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Obedience: The Milgram Experiment
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This documentary describes the social science experiment known as The Milgram Experiment.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1392.jpg)
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The Courage to Care
This film profiles both Jews who were rescued during the Holocaust and individuals who rescued Jews in France, Holland, and Poland, and raises questions about the moral and ethical dilemmas that rescuers confronted.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_650.jpg)
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Life or Death in the Netherlands
Marion Pritchard, a member of the Dutch resistance who hid a Jewish family during the Nazi occupation of Holland, describes what happened when a Dutch Nazi policeman investigated her house.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_523.jpg)
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Finding Safety in Italy
Holocaust survivor Esther Bem describes the people in Northern Italy who protected her and her family during World War II.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_527.jpg)
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Weapons of the Spirit
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This film tells the story of the people of Le Chambon, who saved 5,000 Jews during WWII.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1420.jpg)
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Open Aggression and World Responses
Consider the dilemmas faced by world leaders as Nazi Germany began taking aggressive action against neighboring countries and individuals in the late 1930s.
![Pedestrians in front of the demolished businesses of Jewish residents on Potsdamer St., Berlin. November 10, 1938.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_PedestriansFrontDestroyedJewishBusinesses_FH223827.jpg?h=603532df&itok=ov-1rXgn)
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A War for Race and Space
Explore Germany's efforts to impose a new order on Europe based on Nazi racial ideology during the first two years of World War II.
![The Jewish population in Poland being "resettled" by German soldiers, circa 1940-41.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_ResettlingPolishJewsInGermany_%20FH229688.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=ZTl0ABqr)
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The Holocaust
Confront the history of the Holocaust, and reflect on the human behavior revealed in the choices of perpetrators, bystanders, resisters, and rescuers.
![A memorial at Auschwitz of shoes taken from prisoners of the camp.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_AuschwitzShoeMemorial_%20FH229698.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=yasBC2Fw)
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Think-Pair-Share
Think-Pair-Share activities facilitate thoughtful group discussions by having students first reflect individually and discuss their ideas with a partner.
![Two students talking in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Chicago_Classroom_2018_%20FH151324.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=VDhPgu6s)
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3-2-1
Use the 3-2-1 strategy to gauge students’ understanding and interest in a topic.
![Student writes in a notebook in classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152793.jpg?h=9850bda7&itok=mo95EDc-)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 21: Justice and Judgement After the Holocaust
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 21 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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Establishing the Nuremberg Tribunal
Learn about how the Allies established the international tribunal that was responsible for conducting the trials of Germany’s leaders after World War II.
![The city of Nuremberg with a building in ruins, 1945.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch10_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=5ec9f416&itok=jXQ5gMYm)
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The First Trial at Nuremberg
Learn about the international tribunal that tried and sentenced German leaders at the end of World War II.
![Julius Streicher. International Military Tribunal (IMT) defendant Julius Streicher, the editor of Der Stürmer, during the Nuremberg trial. In its conviction, the IMT ruled that Streicher knew of the mass killings of Europe’s Jews and that his articles in Der Stürmer calling for the “annihilation of the Jewish race” was a direct incitement to murder and thus constituted a “crime against humanity.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/14459-804x1000.jpeg?h=ba18c1ff&itok=7BKg1WB7)
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Raphael Lemkin and the Genocide Convention
Learn about lawyer and activist Raphael Lemkin's efforts to make the world recognize mass murder as an international crime.
![1950 --- International lawyer Raphael Lemkin helped draft the Genocide Convention, which maps out prevention and punishment for the crime of genocide](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/U1133580INP_Medium_res.jpg?h=478e0a8d&itok=MAYHZy-W)
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Transitional Justice in Germany
Learn about the concept of transitional justice and reflect on ways that Germany as a nation has faced its past and accepted responsibility for the Holocaust.
![In Kassel, Germany, artist Horst Hoheisel created a “counter-memorial” marking the site where a majestic fountain built by a Jewish citizen once stood; it had been destroyed by Nazis in 1939.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image15_Medium_res.jpg?h=c6d0d1c4&itok=Gb3MH30L)
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Transitional Justice in South Africa
Learn about South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission and consider how it enabled the country to face a history of violence, hatred, and discrimination.
![Miami Beach is home to a large number of Holocaust survivors, who commissioned this memorial by architect Kenneth Treister in 1990. The outstretched arm is almost four stories tall.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image20_Medium_res.jpg?h=5bfab19b&itok=N--PKP-3)
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Moral Luck and Dilemmas of Judgment
Reflect on the challenges posed by making moral judgments about the actions of people in the past.
![The city of Nuremberg with a building in ruins, 1945.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch10_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=5ec9f416&itok=jXQ5gMYm)
Handout
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Justice after the Holocaust Anticipation Guide
Use this handout to help students analyze the main issues that the Allies faced as they tried to figure out how to achieve justice after World War II and the Holocaust.
![Defendants in the dock during the Nuremberg war crimes trials.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1946_NurembergDefendantsintheDock_FH217315.jpg?h=b47cd95b&itok=Kp-NA5W_)
Video
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Facing History Scholar Reflections: The Nuremberg Trials
In this video, Dr. Paul Bookbinder gives an overview of the Nuremberg trials.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1722.jpg)
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An Overview of the Nuremberg Trials
Students learn about key events from the Nuremberg Trials and connect them to their opinions about justice after the Holocaust.
![Defendants in the dock during the Nuremberg war crimes trials.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1946_NurembergDefendantsintheDock_FH217315.jpg?h=b47cd95b&itok=Kp-NA5W_)
Chapter
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Legacy and Memory
Review some of the profound legacies of the Holocaust and World War II and consider how these histories continue to influence our lives today.
![The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, or Holocaust Memorial, is a memorial in Berlin, Germany to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/HHB_Chapter_11_Medium_res.jpg?h=7fb2964e&itok=i4K2A5Oo)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
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Barometer: Taking a Stand on Controversial Issues
Structure an active class discussion in which students express their opinions by standing along a continuum.
![Students discussing in pairs facing each other](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221010.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=bm1hqy9J)
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Fishbowl
Use the Fishbowl discussion strategy to help students practice being contributors and listeners in a group conversation.
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3-2-1
Use the 3-2-1 strategy to gauge students’ understanding and interest in a topic.
![Student writes in a notebook in classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_FH152793.jpg?h=9850bda7&itok=mo95EDc-)
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
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Four Corners
Get all students involved by asking them to show their stance on a statement through their positioning around the room.
![A students talks with other students in a classroom](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/LosAngeles_Classroom_2018_FH287164.jpg?h=a7f0580e&itok=J8auOvoo)
Unit Assessment: Step 5
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Unit Assessment: Step 5 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
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Wraparound
Encourage all students to share their quick reactions to a question, topic, or text.
![Students and teacher engage in discussion in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_FH152780.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=m7vlE77a)
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
Book
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
Lesson 22: How Should We Remember?
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 22 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Lesson
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After Charlottesville: Contested History and the Fight against Bigotry
Students consider the power of historical symbols as they investigate the 2015 controversy over the Confederate flag in South Carolina and then draw connections to the violence in Charlottesville.
![Students learning in class.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/2017_5-1-17FacH08748_FH256889.png?h=a141e9ea&itok=JIucYZJy)
Reading
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Acknowledging the Past to Shape the Present
Learn about two initiatives aimed at confronting past violence and reflect on how facing the past can help shape a better future.
![An arpillera (a brightly colored patchwork picture quilt) of women and dark silhouettes of figures.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Arpillera_1_Arpillera_with_Names_of_Disappeared_Men_2235018906_o.jpg?h=36cc4578&itok=JX3Eqqvw)
Reading
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Creating a New Narrative
This speech delivered at the dedication of the Lynching of Ell Persons Historical Marker is a powerful reflection on the creation of new historical symbols.
Image
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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Memorial
This memorial was built on the site of Warsaw’s Jewish ghetto. When it was unveiled in 1948, the city still lay in ruins all around it
![This memorial was built on the site of Warsaw’s Jewish ghetto. When it was unveiled in 1948, the city still lay in ruins all around it.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image13_Medium_res.jpg?h=3c456dbd&itok=mo1M01pu)
Image
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Aschrott Fountain
In Kassel, Germany, artist Horst Hoheisel created a “counter-memorial” marking the site where a majestic fountain built by a Jewish citizen once stood; it had been destroyed by the Nazis in 1939.
![In Kassel, Germany, artist Horst Hoheisel created a “counter-memorial” marking the site where a majestic fountain built by a Jewish citizen once stood; it had been destroyed by Nazis in 1939.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image15_Medium_res.jpg?h=c6d0d1c4&itok=Gb3MH30L)
Image
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Stolpersteine
A Holocaust sidewalk memorial marks the spot where a family lived before they were murdered
Image
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Memorial to Roma and Sinti Victims of National Socialism
This memorial in Berlin, Germany, was designed by Dani Karavan and opened in 2012. The triangular stone at the center of the pool holds a fresh flower which is replaced every day.
![This Berlin, Germany, memorial was designed by Dani Karavan and opened in 2012. The triangular stone at the center of the pool holds a fresh flower which is replaced every day.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image17_Medium_res.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=ws2w9-MJ)
Image
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Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach
Miami Beach is home to a large number of Holocaust survivors, who commissioned this memorial by architect Kenneth Treister in 1990. The outstretched arm is almost four stories tall.
![Miami Beach is home to a large number of Holocaust survivors, who commissioned this memorial by architect Kenneth Treister in 1990. The outstretched arm is almost four stories tall.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image20_Medium_res.jpg?h=5bfab19b&itok=N--PKP-3)
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Shoes on the Danube Bank Memorial
Sixty pairs of shoes mark the site in Budapest, Hungary, where fascist Arrow Cross militiamen shot Jews and threw their bodies into the river in 1944 and 1945.
![Sixty pairs of shoes mark the site in Budapest, Hungary, where fascist Arrow Cross militiamen shot Jews and threw their bodies into the river in 1944 and 1945. The memorial opened in 2005.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-04/Shoes_On_The_Danube_Bank_Memorial_FH229489.jpg?h=8ed7bdd6&itok=hik9xZai)
Gallery
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Holocaust Memorials and Monuments
Explore images of memorials and monuments to the Holocaust located in Europe and the United States.
![This memorial was designed by Leon Suzin and sculpted by Nathan Rapoport. Its western side depicts Jewish partisans who fought in the Warsaw ghetto uprising of 1943.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image11_Medium_res.jpg?h=56c1b3d1&itok=aRUjcwT3)
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Jigsaw: Developing Community and Disseminating Knowledge
Students will become “experts” on a topic and then share their new knowledge with peers.
![Four students sitting at a table smiling and talking to each other](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Memphis_Classroom_2015_FH221005.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=iKLwzbzJ)
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Lesson 23: Choosing to Participate
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Lesson 23 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Reading
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What Difference Can a Word Make?
Consider the power that words have to influence people to act on behalf of others.
![C.P. Ellis, a white man, and Ann Atwater, a Black woman, sit together holding hands.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/ActivistsCPEllisandAnnAtwater_FH229560.jpg?h=cfed2447&itok=wa0fFJ55)
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Bullying at School
Learn about some responses to school bullying and reflect on the power students have to make positive changes in their own school communities.
![Diverse hands reaching to sun.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/reaching_344329793_o.jpg?h=d614c65a&itok=f-2GB-lE)
Reading
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The Voices of Millions
Learn about the advent of online activism and consider the internet's impact on civic participation.
![Agosin Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love Pg. 76](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HHB_Chapter_12_Medium_res.jpg?h=0704619c&itok=WsQTWf0G)
Reading
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Acknowledging the Past to Shape the Present
Learn about two initiatives aimed at confronting past violence and reflect on how facing the past can help shape a better future.
![An arpillera (a brightly colored patchwork picture quilt) of women and dark silhouettes of figures.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Arpillera_1_Arpillera_with_Names_of_Disappeared_Men_2235018906_o.jpg?h=36cc4578&itok=JX3Eqqvw)
Reading
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Seeking a Strategy that Works
Learn about the Pakistani activist Khalida Brohi and the strategies that she employed to improve the lives of women and girls throughout her country.
![Young women seated on the floor of a room in colorful clothing and headscarves hold up a quilt they made.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch12_Image03.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=i9O_4xHP)
Reading
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Believing in Others
Learn about the challenges and successes one woman encountered in her efforts to make a difference.
![Agosin Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love Pg. 76](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HHB_Chapter_12_Medium_res.jpg?h=0704619c&itok=WsQTWf0G)
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Walking with the Wind
Congressman and activist John Lewis describes his vision of how we can work together to strengthen our communities and make a better world.
![Painting of people holding hands](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/working_together_344329416_o.jpg?h=afb0b43a&itok=MgH99TaS)
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Online Civic Participation
Share with students political theorist Danielle Allen's ten questions to ask before choosing to take action online.
![Students typing on laptops](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Cleveland_Classroom_2016_FH221925.jpg?h=6a1033c7&itok=lxqbzZEX)
Handout
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Analyzing Levers of Power
Help students use the “levers of power” framework to identify how individuals make political and social change.
![Picture of students in class.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-11/sedgehillY13-021115-nk-HR-32.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=B7u0IQPV)
Lesson
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Choosing to Participate
Students use the “levers of power” framework to identify ways they can bring about positive change in their communities.
![Agosin Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love Pg. 76](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/HHB_Chapter_12_Medium_res.jpg?h=0704619c&itok=WsQTWf0G)
Book
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
Teaching Strategy
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Wraparound
Encourage all students to share their quick reactions to a question, topic, or text.
![Students and teacher engage in discussion in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_FH152780.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=m7vlE77a)
Teaching Strategy
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Word Wall
A word wall supports students’ tracking of new or important vocabulary by displaying these words in a shared space in the classroom.
![Three students sitting in a classroom with one of the students talking.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/SanFrancisco_Classroom_2017_%20FH152786.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=amPaill9)
Unit Assessment: Step 6
These are the resources we recommend pairing with Unit Assessment: Step 6 of Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior.
Book
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Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies: Holocaust and Human Behavior
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align Holocaust and Human Behavior with the expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
![Common Core: Holocaust and Human Behavior Cover](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-03/CommonCoreHHB_cvr.png?h=d0404c5b&itok=nWth6CTO)
Teaching Strategy
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Rapid Writing
Help students unpack their responses to a text or video using this structured protocol that requires alternating between thinking and writing.
![A student writing on a piece of paper.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/LosAngeles_Classroom_2012_FH116208.jpg?h=265e640d&itok=HQXpFTSl)
Teaching Strategy
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Fishbowl
Use the Fishbowl discussion strategy to help students practice being contributors and listeners in a group conversation.
Teaching Strategy
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Exit Tickets
Use exit tickets to assess students’ understanding, monitor their questions, or gather feedback on your teaching.
You might also be interested in…
Lesson
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Jewish History and Memory: Why Study the Past?
Students prepare for their study of the Holocaust by reflecting on the ways in which memory is an integral part of Jewish identity.
![Students sit in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/San_Francisco_Classroom_2017_FH152836_0.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=WDArBFmq)
Lesson
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The Holocaust - Bearing Witness (UK)
Students are introduced to the enormity of the crimes committed during the Holocaust and look closely at stories of a few individuals who were targeted by Nazi brutality.
![A crowd of women and children, some with Stars of David patches on their clothing.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch09_Image02.jpg?h=991b0af6&itok=WRPl5J8e)
Lesson
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The Holocaust - The Range of Responses (UK)
Students deepen their examination of human behaviour during the Holocaust by analysing and discussing the range of choices available to individuals, groups, and nations.
![Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst in June 1942.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_WhiteRoseResistanceGroup_FH229473.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=BjXT-amv)
Lesson
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How Should We Remember? (UK)
Students both respond to and design Holocaust memorials as they consider the impact that memorials and monuments have on the way we think about history.
![In Kassel, Germany, artist Horst Hoheisel created a “counter-memorial” marking the site where a majestic fountain built by a Jewish citizen once stood; it had been destroyed by Nazis in 1939.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_image15_Medium_res.jpg?h=c6d0d1c4&itok=Gb3MH30L)
Lesson
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Justice and Judgement after the Holocaust (UK)
Students grapple with the meaning of justice and the purpose of trials as they learn how the Allies responded to the atrocities of Nazi Germany.
![Criminal proceedings before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg from 20.11.1945 to 1.10.1946 against leading persons prosecuted for war crimes, crimes against the peace and against the humanity.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V01057-3%2C_NuI%CC%80%CB%86rnberger_Prozess%2C_Angeklagte_Medium_res.jpg?h=eb24755d&itok=BXfLmrsX)
Lesson
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Jewish Identity and the Complexities of Dual or Multiple Belongings
Students continue to explore the question “Who am I?” by examining the concept of dual or multiple identities and reflecting on their own identities as Jews.
![Students sit in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/San_Francisco_Classroom_2017_FH152836_0.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=WDArBFmq)
Lesson
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The Roots and Impact of Antisemitism (UK)
Students explore the long history of discrimination against Jews and come to understand how anti-Judaism was transformed into antisemitism in the nineteenth century.
![Woodcut of a group of men in a pit being set on fire.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch02_Image01_Medium_res.jpg?h=a61f7ba7&itok=xDw1MDcG)
Lesson
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Jewish Life before the Holocaust
Students learn about pre-war Jewish life and compare it with today’s diaspora in order to reflect on how modernity can impact tradition.
![Students sit in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/San_Francisco_Classroom_2017_FH152836_0.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=WDArBFmq)
Lesson
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Jewish Resistance During the Holocaust
Students define the term resistance and then learn about the different ways that Jews resisted the Nazis during the Holocaust.
![Students sit in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/San_Francisco_Classroom_2017_FH152836_0.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=WDArBFmq)
Lesson
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Teaching with Video Testimony
Students watch video testimony from a Holocaust survivor and engage in purposeful reflection about the survivor’s important story.
![Classroom sitting in a circle discussing](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/facing-history-sf-drew-bird-a-036.jpg?h=f2fcf546&itok=sUVWju0K)
Lesson
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Watching Who Will Write Our History
Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto.
![A man rolling up a scroll.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2022_ScreenShot2022-06-10at10.11.31AM_FH2174132.jpg?h=ae1281eb&itok=llfRTLHU)
Unit
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For Educators in Jewish Settings: Teaching Holocaust and Human Behavior
Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish.
![Students sit in a classroom.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/San_Francisco_Classroom_2017_FH152836_0.jpeg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=WDArBFmq)
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Facing History & Ourselves is designed for educators who want to help students explore identity, think critically, grow emotionally, act ethically, and participate in civic life. It’s hard work, so we’ve developed some go-to professional learning opportunities to help you along the way.
Professional Learning
Exploring ELA Text Selection with Julia Torres
On-Demand
Virtual
Listen to #DisruptTexts founder Julia Torres about taking a critical lens to text selection in ELA classrooms.
Professional Learning
Working for Justice, Equity and Civic Agency in Our Schools: A Conversation with Clint Smith
On-Demand
Virtual
Listen to writer and educator Dr. Clint Smith as he shares his poetry and reflections on working for justice, equity, and civic agency in our schools.
Professional Learning
Centering Student Voices to Build Community and Agency
On-Demand
Virtual
Explore approaches to centering student voice, building authentic relationships and cultivating community with Molly Josephs, the creator of This Teenage Life, a youth-driven, story-sharing podcast that started as a school club.
Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening.
—
Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif