Holocaust Memorials and Monuments

This memorial was designed by Leon Suzin and sculpted by Nathan Rapoport. Its western side depicts Jewish partisans who fought in the Warsaw ghetto uprising of 1943. 

This memorial was built on the site of Warsaw’s Jewish ghetto. When it was unveiled in 1948, the city still lay in ruins all around it.

In Kassel, Germany, artist Horst Hoheisel created a “counter-memorial” marking the site where a majestic fountain built by a Jewish citizen once stood; it had been destroyed by the Nazis in 1939. 

Stolpersteine (stumbling stones) in Sušice, Czech Republic, mark the site where the four members of the Gutmann family lived before they were murdered in the Holocaust.

This memorial in Berlin, Germany, was designed by Dani Karavan and opened in 2012. The triangular stone at the center of the pool holds a fresh flower which is replaced every day. 

Sculptor Andy Goldsworthy created this memorial at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City in 2003. Small oak trees were planted by Holocaust survivors in a hole within each stone. 

Nine years after this memorial was created, the saplings have grown into large trees whose trunks have become part of the boulders.

Miami Beach is home to a large number of Holocaust survivors, who commissioned this memorial by architect Kenneth Treister in 1990. The outstretched arm is almost four stories tall. 

Sixty pairs of shoes mark the site in Budapest, Hungary, where fascist Arrow Cross militiamen shot Jews and threw their bodies into the river in 1944 and 1945. The memorial opened in 2005.