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Following Orders
In December 1916, Lieutenant Said Ahmed Mukhtar al-Ba’aj, an Ottoman officer, and Arab Muslim soldier who defected to the Russian Army testified about his role in the deportation of Armenians from Trebizond and Erzerum.
The 1915 Armenian Genocide in the Turkish Empire
This map illustrates three prevailing aspects of the 1915 Armenian Genocide: the deportations, the massacres, and the concentration camps. The deportations affected the majority of Armenians in the Turkish Empire. From as far north as the Black Sea and as far west as European Turkey, Armenians were forcibly removed to the Syrian desert. From the onset the deportations were marked by atrocities.
The German Connection
Enver, Ottoman Minister of War, served as military attache to Berlin prior to the coup when he became one of the triumvirate to seize power in 1913. Afterward, German-Ottoman military cooperation became official policy. Several officials discuss the "liquidation" and deportation of the Armenians.
The Nanjing Atrocities | Map: Spheres of Influence (1850-1914)
From the mid-1850s to the beginning of World War I, many Western nations were expanding into Asia. The "Age of Imperialism" was fueled by the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States, and it profoundly influenced nation building efforts in Japan and China. As the desire to exert regional strength grew, Japan also began to expand its colonial influence across East Asia.
