Louisiana freedman Henry Adams testifies before Congress in 1874 about how members of the White Line instigated confrontations with African Americans with the intention of committing murder.
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Reading
Race in US History
The “Immigration Problem”
Learn about the restrictive immigration measures established in the United States throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Reading
Race in US History
There Was a Purpose in My Being There
Learn about the voter registration drives in the South during the civil rights movement through a volunteer’s first hand account.
Reading
Democracy & Civic Engagement
Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom
Investigate Thomas Jefferson’s foundational beliefs about religion, government, and religious freedom.
Reading
Race in US History
W. E. B. Du Bois Reflects on the Purpose of History
W. E. B. Du Bois questions the way that Reconstruction was studied and taught in an excerpt from his 1935 book Black Reconstruction in America.
Reading
Race in US History
We Wear The Mask
In this poem, Paul Laurence Dunbar reflects on the experience of African Americans in post-Civil War America and the universal human behavior of hiding an aspect of ourselves.
Reading
Race in US History
We and They in Colonial America
Learn how race and racism evolved within North America’s first European settlements with the stories of two African Americans who secured freedom in colonial Virginia.
Reading
Race in US History
What Did You Learn in School Today?
The following is an Introduction to Teaching Mockingbird and was written by Facing History's Senior Scholar and President Emerita, Margot Stern Strom.
Reading
Race in US History
What the Black Man Wants
Frederick Douglass demands voting rights and civil equality for black Americans in an 1865 speech.
Reading
The Reconstruction Era
White League Massacre at Coushatta (1874)
In August 1874, the White League murdered six white Republicans and as many as 20 black witnesses in Coushatta, Louisiana. Following the massacre, Louisiana governor William Kellogg issued this statement.
Reading
The Reconstruction Era
White Line Violence Spreads to Mississippi (1875)
Eugene B. Welborne, a prosperous black farmer and state representative, explains how a White Line attack began in Clinton, Mississippi, in 1875.
Reading
Race in US History
Why MLK Encouraged 225,000 Chicago Kids to Cut Class in 1963
Learn about the 1963 Chicago Public School Boycott, when students demanded better schools for black neighborhoods and equal opportunity for all.
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