Elections are the essence of democracy. They allow people to select their political leaders and then to hold them accountable. 1 But organizing a free and fair election—which accurately measures the will of the people—is more complex than it might seem, as is managing a peaceful transfer of power after the election. In the past 100 years, only about half of the world’s countries have managed to transfer power peacefully to a new leader after holding an election.
Many Americans are concerned about the upcoming 2020 presidential elections and the challenges of organizing an election during a pandemic, such as the potential for delays in counting absentee ballots and the pressures on the postal system caused by increased voting by mail. These logistical challenges are further complicated by accusations of voter fraud and concerns about voter intimidation or unrest during a transfer of power. It is important to note that despite past and current challenges around voting and voting rights in the United States, the country has successfully managed 11 peaceful transitions of power since the beginning of the twentieth century. While there are important actions that individuals, journalists, and politicians can take to strengthen democratic institutions, the United States has a strong record of respecting the results of elections.
This mini-lesson uses our Free and Fair Elections Explainer to help students to reflect on the importance of elections, define the phrase “free and fair elections,” and learn about the strengths and weaknesses of electoral systems in their region.
Facing History & Ourselves is designed for educators who want to help students explore identity, think critically, grow emotionally, act ethically, and participate in civic life. It’s hard work, so we’ve developed some go-to professional learning opportunities to help you along the way.
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