Israeli poet Haim Gouri and Monia Avrahami explore resistance during the Holocaust.

Learn about a family who assisted their Jewish neighbors after Kristallnacht, and the consequences they faced for this decision to help.

Read about two men's refusals to pledge their allegiance to the Nazis and the consequences they faced.

Reflect on the choices and actions of two Germans who had to decide whether or not to pledge an oath of loyalty to Hitler.

Learn about the laws that redefined what it meant to be German in Nazi Germany, and that stripped Jews and others of citizenship.

Help students understand the four major stages of the Holocaust according to scholar Doris Bergen.

Between 1933 and 1945, the Nazis established more than 40,000 camps for the imprisonment, forced labor, or mass killing of Jews, Sinti and Roma, Communists, and other so-called “enemies of the state."

This map shows the locations of the largest Jewish ghettos.

This documentary describes the social science experiment known as The Milgram Experiment.

Consider the role of bureaucrats in the Nazi regime with this interview with a man who managed the trains to Auschwitz and Treblinka. 

Examine how Nazi Germany's army targeted both the Polish army and the people of Poland as it waged war.

Learn about the mass shootings and massacres of Jews by German forces at Babi Yar, Kiev, and other Baltic territories. 

Consider how two people in occupied-Poland responded to the persecution and murder of Jews in their community.

Explore rescue during the Holocaust with the story of a community in Southern France that sheltered and hid thousands of Jews fleeing Nazi persecution (Spanish available).

Read the stories of two diplomats who chose to use their status to rescue Jews from the Nazis during World War II.

Investigate different examples of protest and resistance by Germans against the Nazi regime in the 1940s, including the White Rose resistance group.

Learn about the largest act of resistance by Jews against the Nazis, mounted by prisoners of the Warsaw ghetto.

Reflect on the challenges posed by making moral judgments about the actions of people in the past.

Learn about the concept of transitional justice and reflect on ways that Germany as a nation has faced its past and accepted responsibility for the Holocaust.

Read the perspectives of authors, ministers, scholars, and rabbis and consider the meaning and limitations of forgiveness, responsibility, and justice.

Examine the international tribunal held by the Allies at the end of World War II that tried and sentenced Japanese leaders for war crimes.

Jouranlist Sonari Glinton connects Elie Wiesel’s teachings on bearing witness to his own experiences as a Black man in the United States.

Consider the power that words have to influence people to act on behalf of others.

Learn about two initiatives aimed at confronting past violence and reflect on how facing the past can help shape a better future.

Historian and activist Rebecca Solnit writes about people’s responses to disasters and the human capacity to do good.

The five lessons in this unit give students an overview of the history of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust and provide a window into the choices individuals, groups, and nations made that contributed to genocide.

Congressman and activist John Lewis describes his vision of how we can work together to strengthen our communities and make a better world.