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Resource Type
"Kristallnacht": The November 1938 Pogroms
Scholars discuss the events of Kristallnacht, a series of violent attacks against Jews in Germany, Austria, and part of Czechoslovakia in November, 1938.
"Qualifications for Couple," list created by newly formed Unitarian Service Committee, 1939
Read a list of eligibility requirements for those interested in volunteering with the Unitarian Church during their 1930s European refugee aid project.
"The St. Louis Refugee Ship Blues" by Art Spiegelman
Contemporary cartoon from the Washington Post commemorating 70 years since the transatlantic liner "The St. Louis" was denied entry to Cuba and the United States. See full-sized image for analysis.
A Commandant's View
In 1971 British journalist Gitta Sereny interviewed former SS officer Franz Stangl — the commandant of the death camp Sobibor and later Treblinka. The responses to the questions Sereny posed are excerpted in this audio reading. Stangl was arrested in Brazil in 1967, tried and found guilty in West Germany in 1970. His sentence was life imprisonment and he died of heart failure six months into his term in the Düsseldorf prison.
A Commandant's View Images
View images of Franz Stangl, the commandant from Treblinka.
A Day in Warsaw
This short documentary captures the spirit of Jewish life in Warsaw, Poland, before World War II.
A Plea for Humanity: The Einsatzgruppen on Trial
Photograph of Chief Prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz at the Nuremberg Trial.
A Plea for Humanity: The Einsatzgruppen on Trial
Benjamin Ferencz, International Law Scholar and Former Nuremberg Prosecutor, shares his experience as Chief Prosecutor at the trial of the Einsatzgruppen commanders.
A Sinister Alliance: Soviet-German Relations 1939–1941
Joshua Rubenstein, author and associate at Harvard's Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian studies, details the relationship between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the decade before World War II.
A View of the Conference of the League of Nations
A View of the Town in the Hangman: Movie Still #4
A movie still showing the town that the Hangman visits from the animated film featuring the poem "The Hangman" by Maurice Ogden, written in 1951.
A Window Destroyed in a Jewish Owned Business
A window destroyed in a Jewish owned business. Berlin, Germany, November 1938.
