Europe and the Middle East, 1941
By the end of 1941, Germany and its allies, the Axis powers, had conquered most of continental Europe, from the eastern border of Spain to the outskirts of Moscow.
![By the end of 1941, Germany and its allies, the Axis powers, had conquered most of continental Europe, from the eastern border of Spain to the outskirts of Moscow.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1941_EuropeMiddleEast_%20FH229528.jpg?h=048697cd&itok=MBy_Srh5)
FDNY Battalion 9 Memorial
This memorial commemorates the New York City firefighters of Battalion 9 who lost their lives on September 11.
![Relief depicting firefighters providing aid on 9/11.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/FDNY_Battalion_9_9-11_Memorial_Medium_res.jpg?h=6b5240a5&itok=krt01XAe)
Flowers and Butterfly by Margit Koretzova
Margit Koretzova painted this while imprisoned at the Terezín ghetto-camp.
![Colorful watercolor of flowers and butterfly](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Flowers%20and%20Butterfly%20by%20Margit%20Koretzova.jpg?h=048697cd&itok=fWowc9yo)
French Countryside after World War II
Two brothers look down at their devastated town in the French countryside, Agneaux, as an American military Jeep drives by. The brothers’ father was executed by the Germans in 1944.
![Two boys sit on a branch in the foreground looking out at destroyed buildings and countryside.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_Image01.jpg?h=0255e088&itok=tQ7ZpqSZ)
German Troops in Paris
German troops parade past the Arc de Triomphe in Paris after they occupied the city in June 1940.
![German troops parade past the Arc de Triomphe in Paris after they occupied the city in June 1940.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_GermanTroopsInParis_%20FH229463.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=56pgPzNq)
Hannah Höch, The Kitchen Knife, 1919
Hannah Höch's work, including The Kitchen Knife, consists primarily of collages often made from photographs.
![Höch’s work consists primarily of collages, often made from photographs. Höch was part of the Dada movement, which formed in part as a reaction to the death and destruction from World War I. Dada artists prized irrationality and considered their work “anti-art.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=2a35d14f&itok=6_ttoQA6)
‘63 Boycott: Today is Freedom Day
During the 1963 Chicago Public Schools Boycott, 225,000 students protested racial segregation and unequal conditions in Chicago's schools. This video features footage of the boycott and student participants' eyewitness accounts.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1336.jpg)
International Youth Year: Rally
The International Youth Year Rally (1985) was organized by the United Nations with the goal of raising awareness on issues concerning the abuse and mistreatment of youth worldwide.
![Poster shows two young women with their fists raised and includes details about the rally.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/International_Youth_Year_Rally.jpg?h=7e1a8712&itok=D1FajPNe)
Marion Pritchard
Marion Pritchard holds Erika Polak, one of the children she saved from the Nazis. Working with the Dutch resistance, Pritchard helped to save more than 150 children during World War II.
![Marion Pritchard holds Erika Polak, one of the children she saved from the Nazis. Working with the Dutch resistance, Pritchard helped save more than 150 children during World War II.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_MarionPritchard_%20FH229480.jpg?h=22294cb3&itok=dlCxu8XS)
Mazisi Kunene
Mazisi Kunene (1930-2006), a South African poet, educator and activist, was an active supporter and organizer of the anti-apartheid movement in Europe and Africa. He later became South Africa’s poet laureate.
![Mazisi Kunene (1930-2006), a South African poet.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2018_MazisiKunene_FH281933.jpg?h=63ec7df1&itok=w1QGoxBz)
Mourners after Antisemitic Rampage in Poland
Mourners in Kielce, Poland, gather around coffins after townspeople killed 42 Jews in an antisemitic rampage in 1946.
![Mourners in Kielce, Poland, gather around coffins after townspeople killed 42 Jews in an antisemitic rampage in 1946.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch11_Image03_Medium_res.jpg?h=3378375a&itok=sCDgSLwr)