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Why Reconcile?
Consider how important it can be for survivors of the Indian Residential Schools system to speak about their experiences.
White Paper, Red Paper
Learn how activists rejected the White Paper policy and led a campaign to get the Canadian government to honour its past agreements with the Indigenous nations.
Cultural Genocide
Consider how the term cultural genocide describes the efforts of the Canadian government to assimilate the Indigenous Peoples through residential schools.
“I’m Not the Indian You Had in Mind”
Thomas King's poem explores the difference between stereotypes of Indigenous Peoples and how these people live their lives in contemporary Canada.
From "Noble Savage" to "Wretched Indian"
Examine the differing ideas about Indigenous Peoples conveyed in a painting by George Catlin and an excerpt from Charles Dickens.
Race Theory
Learn about the development of race science in the nineteenth-century and its role in the history of racism.
Language Loss
Theodore Fontaine recalls being punished as a student at Fort Alexander Residential School for speaking the Indigenous language Ojibway.
Parental Dilemmas
Indigenous elder, residential school survivor, and author Theodore Fontaine describes his mother's take on the residential schools.
Punishment and Abuse
Read recollections from former students about the frequent use of corporal punishment in Indian Residential Schools.
Schedule and Discipline
Learn about the methodical schedules and system of discipline and surveillance imposed on students of Indian Residential Schools.
The Role of the Churches
Get insight into the complicated role the Christian church played in the Indian Residential Schools system.