Read the artist's statement for photographer and filmmaker Danny Wilcox Frazier.
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Key Dates in Colonial American Religious History
The letter exchange between George Washington and the Hebrew congregation of Newport was not the only landmark event in the early history of America that dealt with issues of religious freedom and identity. Seixas’ letter and Washington’s subsequent response exist within a timeline of many other events during which the newly formed country faced those issues. Continue reading below for information about some of those events.
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Race in US History
What Happened Next: A Federal Court Order
On Friday, September 10th, U.S. District Judge Ronald N. Davies ruled that the state could not continue to block integration. Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus responded to the court order by withdrawing the Arkansas National Guard.
The following Monday, about 100 Little Rock police officers placed wooden barricades around Central High as over a thousand angry white men and women from Arkansas and surrounding states gathered in front of the building. To avoid the mob, the African American students entered the school through a side door. After learning the students were in the building, the crowd went on a rampage.
Reading
Race in US History
What Happened Next: President Eisenhower's Response
The next day, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, outraged by the violence, ordered the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock. On September 25th, American soldiers not only dispersed the mob but also escorted the "Little Rock Nine" to school.
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Race in US History
What Happened Next: The Arkansas National Guard
For 17 days, the Arkansas National Guard kept the "Little Rock Nine" from entering Central High, but did nothing to disperse the crow of angry whites that gathered outside the building.
Reading
Race in US History
What Happened Next: The First African American Graduates from Central High
In the weeks that followed, the 101st Airborne restored order in the streets. But neither the soldiers nor school officials had much effect on the small but determined group of white students who insulted, humiliated, and physically threatened the “Little Rock Nine” day after day.
Reading
Race in US History
What Happened Next: The Next Fall...
Despite such praise at home and abroad as from Robeson, the crisis did not end with Green’s education. Reporter Joan I. Duffy of the Memphis Commercial Appeal, explains:
Handout
Race in US History
Writing Strategies for Reconstruction Unit
This resource provides writing prompts and strategies that align with The Reconstruction Era and the Fragility of Democracy.
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Everything you need to get started teaching your students about racism, antisemitism and prejudice.