Over the years Japanese political leaders have issued a number of general apologies for the Imperial Army’s conduct during World War II. Despite these apologies, the Chinese people and Sino-Japanese relations have yet to be fully normalized, and tensions remain. Often the criticisms revolve around the actual language used by Japanese public figures to acknowledge the destruction and terror waged on behalf of their nation during World War II. What weight do different terms carry under such important circumstances? Are there different levels of responsibility expressed in using terms such as remorse versus apology?
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Reading
Holocaust
As the War Ended
Eisenhower, a general during World War II, describes his shock and horror at touring a Nazi concentration camp liberated by US troops.
Reading
Holocaust
Auschwitz
Read eyewitness accounts of the killing process at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi death camp.
Reading
Between Peace and War
Consider why some Europeans changed their anti-war stance when World War I officially began, and why others like conscientious objectors continued to oppose the war.
Reading
Justice & Human Rights
Beyond National Sovereignty: How to Protect Citizens From Their Own Government
Learn about some of the challenges delegates faced in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Reading
Holocaust
Building Support on the Home Front
Explore the role of propaganda in World War I, and take a closer look at one of the most successful British propaganda campaigns featuring nurse Edith Cavell.
Reading
Holocaust
Bystanders at Hartheim Castle
Consider why the residents of Hartheim kept silent about the evidence of mass murder they witnessed in their town throughout World War II (Spanish available).
Reading
Holocaust
Casualties of World War I
View data on the casualties of World War I and consider the impact the losses had on each country.
Reading
Holocaust
Choiceless Choices
Consider the experiences of Jewish prisoners who were forced to help German guards murder other prisoners.
Reading
Holocaust
Choices that Define Us
Explore three stories of choices people made during World War II and consider their complexities, their impact, and what they can teach about human behavior.
Reading
Holocaust
Christian Churches and Antisemitism: New Teachings
Consider how Christian churches confronted their legacy of antisemitism in the years following the Holocaust.
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