Taxonomy

The Individual and Society

The Individual and Society is the introductory section of the Facing History Scope and Sequence. The focus for the section is on how both individual and national identities are formed, as well as how these identities influence behavior and decision-making.

We and They

The second part focuses on the processes of the national and collective identity that help people connect but also contribute to misunderstanding, stereotyping and conflict. Students learn that the way a nation defines itself affects the choices it makes, including the choice to exclude those who do not fit a nation's concept of itself. They see that membership can be a tool for constructive and destructive purposes.

History

This segment of the Scope and Sequence examines the primary historical case study of Holocaust and Human Behavior, as well as other instances of intolerance, mass violence and genocide, in each case exploring the small steps which led to these difficult periods in history. By focusing on these histories, students grasp the complexities of the past, while also connecting it to their lives today.

Antisemitism

Bias or discrimination against Jews as a group. Includes anti-Judaism.

Art

Arts and Literature

Art, music, literature, and works about them.

Bullying and Ostracism

Verbal and physical behaviors.

Bystander Behavior

Individuals or groups who do not help person(s) in need, and why.

Civic Participation

The rights and duties of a citizen. Includes patriotism.

Civil Rights

The civil rights movement in the United States.

Conformity and Obedience

Includes obedience to authority and group conformity; does not include civil disobedience or other resistance to authority.

Economic Issues

Includes economic inequities, poverty, the Great Depression, etc.

Education and Schools

About education or aspects of education

Eugenics

Includes “race science,” etc.

Genocide

Includes genocides in our case studies (Holocaust, Armenian Genocide) as well as other genocides.

Hate Crimes

Bias crimes committed by individuals, not governments; includes lynching.

Homophobia

Includes discrimination against gays and lesbians, and gay identity

Human Rights

In the international sphere.

Idea Exchange

The Idea Exchange/Forum area provides an online discussion space to share thoughts, experiences and resources with other Facing History and Ourselves educators. Idea Exchange Forums are for Facing History Educators and those currently involved in a Facing History Institute or Online Course.

Identity

How an individual sees himself or herself, as well as how s/he is perceived by others.

Immigrants and Immigration

The movement of people across geographic locations.

Justice

Includes legal issues as well as the concept of justice.

Legacy and Memory

Includes individual and collective memory of historical events, and monuments.

Membership in Society

About the relationship of groups or individuals to the society around them

Nationalism

Emphasis of a national culture or interest above that of other groups.

Nonviolence

Peaceful resistance to oppression or aggression.

Propaganda

Spreading of ideas, allegations, or rumors to further one’s cause or damage another cause, particularly from a government.

Racism

Prejudice or discrimination based on perception of inferiority or superiority of different groups of people. About human behavior, not racial categories (see eugenics).

Reconciliation and Reparation

Societies (TRC, etc.) as well as individual forgiveness.

Refugees

People who flee a government or other power to escape persecution; Includes people left stateless by war or genocide.

Religion

How religion influences human behavior.

Rescue and Resistance

Extraordinary actions in times of conflict, including Righteous Gentiles, Jewish resistance during the Holocaust, and other individual or organized actions

Science and Medical Ethics

Includes genetics, forced sterilization, and other science issues.

Totalitarian Regimes

Authoritarian, dictatorial, or coercive governments.

Upstanders

People who choose to take positive action in the face of injustice in society or in situations where individuals need assistance.

Violence and Violence Prevention

Includes individual and group behavior; does not include military actions.

War

Military actions.

Judgment, Memory & Legacy

As students confront the terrible human atrocities of the Holocaust, and other historical case studies, they explore the meaning of concepts such as guilt, responsibility, and judgment—and what those concepts mean in our world today. Students also discover that one way of taking responsibility for the past is to preserve its memory. They explore the importance of monuments and memorials as communal gestures of remembering, of acknowledging injustice, and of honoring individuals and groups who have suffered.

Choosing to Participate

This section focuses on how understanding the past can connect with the issues of today. Contemporary stories show how history is made every day by ordinary human beings. Students begin to understand that they also have the power to change the course of history through their own individual actions. They explore what it means to be a citizen in a democracy, to exercise ones rights and responsibilities in the service of a more humane and compassionate world.
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