Examine the international tribunal held by the Allies at the end of World War II that tried and sentenced Japanese leaders for war crimes.

Scholar Beth Van Schaack discusses General Matsui Iwane’s involvement in the Nanjing atrocities.

Read an excerpt of a story published in the Japanese press about two Japanese soldiers' brutal actions in China.

Despite the apologies Japanese political leaders have issued, the Chinese people and Sino-Japanese relations still remain strained. This reading helps students explore the role apologies play as a means toward achieving justice.